Unveiling causal interactions in complex systems.

abstract：:Proteasome activator PA200 enhances proteasome-mediated cleavage after acidic residues in vitro; however, its role within cells is not known. Here, we show that, in response to ionizing radiation, PA200 forms hybrid proteasomes with 19S caps and 20S core proteasomes that accumulate on chromatin, leading to an increase...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blickwedehl J,Agarwal M,Seong C,Pandita RK,Melendy T,Sung P,Pandita TK,Bangia N

更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The endosymbiont Wolbachia is common among insects and known for the reproductive manipulations it exerts on hosts as well as inhibition of virus replication in their hosts. Recently, we showed that Wolbachia uses host microRNAs to manipulate host gene expression for its efficient maintenance in the dengue mosquito ve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang G,Hussain M,O'Neill SL,Asgari S

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The bifunctional Neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (CYT-18 protein) both aminoacylates mitochondrial tRNA(Tyr) and acts as a structure-stabilizing splicing cofactor for group I introns. Previous studies showed that CYT-18 has distinct tRNA(Tyr) and group I intron-binding sites, with the latter fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paukstelis PJ,Lambowitz AM

更新日期：2008-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Life in environments devoid of photosynthesis, such as on early Earth or in contemporary dark subsurface ecosystems, is supported by chemical energy. How, when, and where chemical nutrients released from the geosphere fuel chemosynthetic biospheres is fundamental to understanding the distribution and diversity of life...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dunham EC,Dore JE,Skidmore ML,Roden EE,Boyd ES

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain serotonin (5-HT) deficiency and exposure to psychosocial stress have both been implicated in the etiology of depression and anxiety disorders, but whether 5-HT deficiency influences susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like phenotypes induced by psychosocial stress has not been formally established. Most cl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sachs BD,Ni JR,Caron MG

更新日期：2015-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms regulating expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-encoded superantigens from the viral sag gene are largely unknown, due to problems with detection and quantification of these low-abundance proteins. To study the expression and regulation of the MMTV sag gene, we have developed a sensitive and q...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reuss FU,Coffin JM

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In human adults, learning and memory under acute stress are characterized by an increased use of rigid habitual response strategies at the cost of flexible cognitive strategies. The immediate effects of stress on cognitive functioning early in life are not well understood. Here we show experimentally that acute stress...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seehagen S,Schneider S,Rudolph J,Ernst S,Zmyj N

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Metal cation homeostasis is essential for plant nutrition and resistance to toxic heavy metals. Many plant metal transporters remain to be identified at the molecular level. In the present study, we have isolated AtNramp cDNAs from Arabidopsis and show that these genes complement the phenotype of a metal uptake defici...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomine S,Wang R,Ward JM,Crawford NM,Schroeder JI

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelial barrier disruption is a major cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the mechanism through which epigenetic regulation modulates intestinal epithelial integrity remains largely undefined. Here we show that EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex (PRC2), is indispensable for m...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Y,Peng J,Sun T,Li N,Zhang L,Ren J,Yuan H,Kan S,Pan Q,Li X,Ding Y,Jiang M,Cong X,Tan M,Ma Y,Fu D,Cai S,Xiao Y,Wang X,Qin J

更新日期：2017-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal of all cancers. Patients with this disease have a median survival of 15 months from the time of diagnosis despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. New treatment approaches are needed. Recent works suggest that gliob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horvath S,Zhang B,Carlson M,Lu KV,Zhu S,Felciano RM,Laurance MF,Zhao W,Qi S,Chen Z,Lee Y,Scheck AC,Liau LM,Wu H,Geschwind DH,Febbo PG,Kornblum HI,Cloughesy TF,Nelson SF,Mischel PS

更新日期：2006-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) inhibited respiration in sensitive, but not resistant, lines of murine lymphoma 6C3HED. Glucose, in these tumor lines, was principally converted to lactate, and very little was oxidized in the citric acid cycle or hexose monophosphate shunt. The cells derived 70-80% of their respiratory CO(...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lavietes BB,Regan DH,Demopoulos HB

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited colorectal cancer syndromes in humans exhibit regional specificity for tumor formation. By using mice with germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) and/or DNA mismatch repair genes, we have analyzed the genetic control of tumor regionality in the mouse small intestine. In C57BL/6 mice ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haigis KM,Hoff PD,White A,Shoemaker AR,Halberg RB,Dove WF

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PTH-LP) has recently been identified in human tumors associated with the syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. The peptide appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene that gives rise to multiple mRNAs that are heterogeneous at both their 5' and their 3' ends. Alternative ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mangin M,Ikeda K,Dreyer BE,Broadus AE

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wood-degrading brown rot fungi are essential recyclers of plant biomass in forest ecosystems. Their efficient cellulolytic systems, which have potential biotechnological applications, apparently depend on a combination of two mechanisms: lignocellulose oxidation (LOX) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and polysaccharid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang J,Presley GN,Hammel KE,Ryu JS,Menke JR,Figueroa M,Hu D,Orr G,Schilling JS

更新日期：2016-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of an array of macromolecules capable of regulating the functional responsiveness of cells. Its composition greatly varies among different types of tissue, and dysregulation of its metabolism may contribute to vascular remodeling during the pathogenesis o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roth M,Eickelberg O,Kohler E,Erne P,Block LH

更新日期：1996-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Acquired resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies compels the development of novel treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we report a profound effect of endostatin on prostate cancer cells by efficient intracellular trafficking, direct interaction with AR, reduction ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JH,Isayeva T,Larson MR,Sawant A,Cha HR,Chanda D,Chesnokov IN,Ponnazhagan S

更新日期：2015-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Freezing avoidance conferred by different types of antifreeze proteins in various polar and subpolar fishes represents a remarkable example of cold adaptation, but how these unique proteins arose is unknown. We have found that the antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) of the predominant Antarctic fish taxon, the notothenio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen L,DeVries AL,Cheng CH

更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Infected-cell protein 4 (ICP4), the major regulatory protein specified by herpes simplex virus 1 in infected cells, binds to homologs of the sequence ATCGTCnnnnYCGRC (A sites, where n is any nucleotide, Y is a pyrimidine, and R is a purine) and to unrelated sequences for which no consensus sequence has been derived (B...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michael N,Roizman B

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The BvgAS phosphorelay regulates ∼10% of the annotated genomes of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica and controls their infectious cycles. The hierarchical organization of the regulatory network allows the integration of contextual signals to control all or specific subsets of BvgAS-regulated genes. He...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ahuja U,Shokeen B,Cheng N,Cho Y,Blum C,Coppola G,Miller JF

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing proteins (NLRs) serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. Overaccumulation of NLRs often leads to autoimmune responses, suggesting that the levels of these immune receptors must be tightly controlled. However, the mechanism by which NLR prot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheng YT,Li Y,Huang S,Huang Y,Dong X,Zhang Y,Li X

更新日期：2011-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthesis of antiviral beta-chemokines has joined cytolysis as a potential mechanism for the control of HIV-1 infection by CD8(+) T cells. Recent evidence suggests that these two effector functions can diverge in some individuals infected with HIV-1; however, little is known about the CD8(+) T cell subsets in norm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kamin-Lewis R,Abdelwahab SF,Trang C,Baker A,DeVico AL,Gallo RC,Lewis GK

更新日期：2001-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The monomeric VDAC channel shows an accelerated pH titration of its transport properties with a Hill coefficient of about 2. This manifests itself as a sharp peak in conductance noise as well as a fast change in channel selectivity with pH. On the basis of the known structure of this channel, we propose that this coop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rostovtseva TK,Liu TT,Colombini M,Parsegian VA,Bezrukov SM

更新日期：2000-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In making sense of the visual world, the brain's processing is driven by two factors: the physical information provided by the eyes ("bottom-up" data) and the expectancies driven by past experience ("top-down" influences). We use degraded stimuli to tease apart the effects of bottom-up and top-down processes because t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gorlin S,Meng M,Sharma J,Sugihara H,Sur M,Sinha P

更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a genetically tractable model cyanobacterium that has been engineered to produce industrially relevant biomolecules and is the best-studied model for a prokaryotic circadian clock. However, the organism is commonly grown in continuous light in the laboratory, and data on metabolic p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Diamond S,Jun D,Rubin BE,Golden SS

更新日期：2015-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of guanosine 5'-triphosphate,3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) in protein synthesis by Escherichia coli ribosomes and protein factors was examined. Although pppGpp could effectively substitute for GTP in reactions catalyzed by initiation factor 2 (ribosomal binding of fMet-tRNA and formation of N-formylmethion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hamel E,Cashel M

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro data show that the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein associates with the mitotic spindle and that mouse embryonic stem cells with biallelic Apc mutations are karyotypically unstable. These findings led to suggestions that APC acts in chromosomal segregation and that APC inactivation leads to chromosoma...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sieber OM,Heinimann K,Gorman P,Lamlum H,Crabtree M,Simpson CA,Davies D,Neale K,Hodgson SV,Roylance RR,Phillips RK,Bodmer WF,Tomlinson IP

更新日期：2002-12-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The Rev protein of HIV-1, which facilitates the nuclear export of HIV-1 pre-mRNAs, has been a target for antiviral therapy. Here we describe a new strategy for inhibiting Rev function and HIV-1 replication. In contrast to previous approaches, we use a wild-type rather than a mutant Rev protein and covalently link this...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qian XY,Chen ZY,Zhang J,Rabson AB,Krug RM

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe burn trauma is generally followed by a catabolic response that leads to muscle wasting and weakness affecting skeletal musculature. Here, we perform whole-genome expression and in vivo NMR spectroscopy studies to define respectively the full set of burn-induced changes in skeletal muscle gene expression and the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padfield KE,Astrakas LG,Zhang Q,Gopalan S,Dai G,Mindrinos MN,Tompkins RG,Rahme LG,Tzika AA

更新日期：2005-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a key plasma membrane protein that mediates active I(-) uptake in the thyroid, lactating breast, and other tissues with an electrogenic stoichiometry of 2 Na(+) per I(-). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I(-) uptake is the first step in the biosynthesis of the iodine-containing thyroid ho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dohán O,Portulano C,Basquin C,Reyna-Neyra A,Amzel LM,Carrasco N

更新日期：2007-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The unique ability of bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) DNA to replicate as a stable, multicopy plasmid in transformed mouse cells has led to its utilization as a eukaryotic cloning vector. One limitation of the system has been the marked reduction in transformation efficiency when BPV-1 DNA or the subgenomic transforming...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarver N,Byrne JC,Howley PM

更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00