Abstract:
:Functional morphology of the atlas reflects multiple aspects of an organism's biology. More specifically, its shape indicates patterns of head mobility, while the size of its vascular foramina reflects blood flow to the brain. Anatomy and function of the early hominin atlas, and thus, its evolutionary history, are poorly documented because of a paucity of fossilized material. Meticulous excavation, cleaning and high-resolution micro-CT scanning of the StW 573 ('Little Foot') skull has revealed the most complete early hominin atlas yet found, having been cemented by breccia in its displaced and flipped over position on the cranial base anterolateral to the foramen magnum. Description and landmark-free morphometric analyses of the StW 573 atlas, along with other less complete hominin atlases from Sterkfontein (StW 679) and Hadar (AL 333-83), confirm the presence of an arboreal component in the positional repertoire of Australopithecus. Finally, assessment of the cross-sectional areas of the transverse foramina of the atlas and the left carotid canal in StW 573 further suggests there may have been lower metabolic costs for cerebral tissues in this hominin than have been attributed to extant humans and may support the idea that blood perfusion of these tissues increased over the course of hominin evolution.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Beaudet A,Clarke RJ,Heaton JL,Pickering TR,Carlson KJ,Crompton RH,Jashashvili T,Bruxelles L,Jakata K,Bam L,Van Hoorebeke L,Kuman K,Stratford Ddoi
10.1038/s41598-020-60837-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-03-16 00:00:00pages
4285issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-60837-2journal_volume
10pub_type
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