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Incorporation of the Kinetic Chain Into Shoulder-Elevation Exercises: Does It Affect Scapular Muscle Activity?

Abstract：

CONTEXT:Scapular rehabilitation exercises should focus on selective activation of weaker muscles and minimal activation of hyperactive muscles. For rehabilitation of overhead athletes, single-plane open chain exercises below 90° of shoulder elevation are often recommended. Moreover, incorporating the kinetic chain in shoulder rehabilitation exercises is advised and has been suggested to influence scapular muscle activity levels. OBJECTIVE:To study the influence of kinetic chain incorporation during 5 variations of a shoulder-elevation exercise on scapular muscle activity. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SETTING:University laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-one asymptomatic participants (15 men, 16 women). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):The electromyographic activity of the upper (UT), middle (MT), and lower (LT) trapezius, and serratus anterior was determined during 5 variations of bilateral elevation with external rotation: (1) open-hand position (reference exercise), (2) closed-hand position, (3) dynamic bipedal squat, (4) static unipedal squat, and (5) dynamic unipedal squat on the contralateral leg. All data were normalized as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). RESULTS:A closed-hand position (exercise 2) instead of an open-hand position (exercise 1) resulted in lower MT (mean difference = 3.44% MVIC) and LT (mean difference = 7.76% MVIC) activity. Incorporating the lower limb (exercises 3-5) increased UT activity when compared with exercise 1 (mean differences = 3.67, 2.68, 5.02% MVIC, respectively), which in general resulted in increased UT : MT ratios. Additionally, LT activity decreased when a dynamic unipedal squat was added (mean difference: 4.90% MVIC). For the serratus anterior, the greatest activity occurred during elevation in a static unipedal squat position (exercise 4, 22.90% MVIC). CONCLUSIONS:Incorporating the kinetic chain during shoulder-elevation exercises influenced scapular muscle activity and ratios. In particular, incorporating the lower limb resulted in more UT activity, whereas the open-hand position increased MT and LT activity.

journal_name

J Athl Train

journal_title

Journal of athletic training

authors

Borms D,Maenhout A,Cools AM

doi

10.4085/1062-6050-136-19

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-04-01 00:00:00

pages

343-349

issue

eissn

1062-6050

issn

1938-162X

journal_volume

pub_type

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Incorporation of the Kinetic Chain Into Shoulder-Elevation Exercises: Does It Affect Scapular Muscle Activity?