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Diverse nanostructures underlie thin ultra-black scales in butterflies.

Abstract：

:Recently, it has been shown that animals such as jumping spiders, birds, and butterflies have evolved ultra-black coloration comparable to the blackest synthetic materials. Of these, certain papilionid butterflies have reflectances approaching 0.2%, resulting from a polydisperse honeycomb structure. It is unknown if other ultra-black butterflies use this mechanism. Here, we examine a phylogenetically diverse set of butterflies and demonstrate that other butterflies employ simpler nanostructures that achieve ultra-black coloration in scales thinner than synthetic alternatives. Using scanning electron microscopy, we find considerable interspecific variation in the geometry of the holes in the structures, and verify with finite-difference time-domain modeling that expanded trabeculae and ridges, found across ultra-black butterflies, reduce reflectance up to 16-fold. Our results demonstrate that butterflies produce ultra-black by creating a sparse material with high surface area to increase absorption and minimize surface reflection. We hypothesize that butterflies use ultra-black to increase the contrast of color signals.

journal_name

Nat Commun

journal_title

Nature communications

authors

Davis AL,Nijhout HF,Johnsen S

doi

10.1038/s41467-020-15033-1

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-03-10 00:00:00

pages

1294

issue

1

issn

2041-1723

pii

10.1038/s41467-020-15033-1

journal_volume

11

pub_type

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