Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions.

abstract：:Maturation of neuronal circuits requires selective elimination of synaptic connections. Although neuron-intrinsic mechanisms are important in this process, it is increasingly recognized that glial cells also play a critical role. Without proper functioning of these cells, the number, morphology, and function of synapt...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Wilton DK,Dissing-Olesen L,Stevens B

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunotherapeutic strategies to combat neurodegenerative disorders have galvanized the scientific community since the first dramatic successes in mouse models recreating aspects of Alzheimer disease (AD) were reported. However, initial human trials of active amyloid-beta (Abeta) vaccination were halted early because o...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Brody DL,Holtzman DM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, I discuss current knowledge and outstanding questions on the neuromodulators that influence aggressive behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. I first present evidence that Drosophila exchange information during an agonistic interaction and choose appropriate actions based on this informatio...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Asahina K

更新日期：2017-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Odor signals received by odorant receptors (ORs) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) are represented as an odor map in the olfactory bulb (OB). In the mouse, there are ~1,000 different OR species, and each OSN expresses only one functional OR gene in a monoallelic manner. Fur...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Mori K,Sakano H

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how abnormalities in this process lead to neurological disease remains very superficial. In particular, the lack of experimental models for a proce...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Velasco S,Paulsen B,Arlotta P

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) is arguably one of the most complex systems in the universe. To understand the CNS, scientists have investigated a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, and various small molecules. However, one large class of molecules, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), has been relatively unexplor...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Cao X,Yeo G,Muotri AR,Kuwabara T,Gage FH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic approach, based on the study of inherited forms of deafness, has proven to be particularly effective for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the peripheral auditory system, the cochlea and its afferent auditory neurons, and how this system extracts the physical parameters of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Michalski N,Petit C

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Binocular disparity provides the visual system with information concerning the three-dimensional layout of the environment. Recent physiological studies in the primary visual cortex provide a successful account of the mechanisms by which single neurons are able to signal disparity. This work also reveals that addition...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Cumming BG,DeAngelis GC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral endocrine output relies on either direct or feed-forward multi-order command from the hypothalamus. Efficient coding of endocrine responses is made possible by the many neuronal cell types that coexist in intercalated hypothalamic nuclei and communicate through extensive synaptic connectivity. Although gene...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Romanov RA,Alpár A,Hökfelt T,Harkany T

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential mediators of signal transduction, neurotransmission, ion channel regulation, and other cellular events. GPCRs are activated by diverse stimuli, including light, enzymatic processing of their N-termini, and binding of proteins, peptides, or small molecules such as neuro...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Palczewski K,Orban T

更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscarinic signaling affects attention, action selection, learning, and memory through multiple signaling cascades, which act at different timescales and which alter ion channels in cell type-specific manners. The effects of muscarinic signaling differ between cortical layers and between brain areas. Muscarinic signal...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Thiele A

更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The neocortex is found only in mammals, and the fossil record is silent on how this soft tissue evolved. Understanding neocortex evolution thus devolves to a search for candidate homologous neocortex traits in the extant nonmammalian amniotes. The difficulty is that homology is based on similarity, and the six-layered...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Dugas-Ford J,Ragsdale CW

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical interneurons display striking differences in shape, physiology, and other attributes, challenging us to appropriately classify them. We previously suggested that interneuron types should be defined by their role in cortical processing. Here, we revisit the question of how to codify their diversity based upon ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Fishell G,Kepecs A

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons have their own systems for regulating RNA. Several multigene families encode RNA binding proteins (RNABPs) that are uniquely expressed in neurons, including the well-known neuron-specific markers ELAV and NeuN and the disease antigen NOVA. New technologies have emerged in recent years to assess the function of...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Darnell RB

更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidating the roles of neuronal cell types for physiology and behavior is essential for understanding brain functions. Perturbation of neuron electrical activity can be used to probe the causal relationship between neuronal cell types and behavior. New genetically encoded neuron perturbation tools have been develope...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Sternson SM,Roth BL

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic fields pass through tissue undiminished and without producing harmful effects, motivating their use as a wireless, minimally invasive means to control neural activity. Here, we review mechanisms and techniques coupling magnetic fields to changes in electrochemical potentials across neuronal membranes. Biologi...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Christiansen MG,Senko AW,Anikeeva P

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammals can discriminate among a large number (> 10,000) of unique odorants. The most highly supported explanation for this ability is that olfactory neurons express a large number of seven transmembrane receptors that are not spatially organized at the level of the olfactory epithelium, but whose axonal projections f...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Gibson AD,Garbers DL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain, which represents 2% of body mass but consumes 20% of body energy at rest, has a limited capacity to store energy and is therefore highly dependent on oxygen and glucose supply from the blood stream. Normal functioning of neural circuits thus relies on adequate matching between metabolic needs and blood supp...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Andreone BJ,Lacoste B,Gu C

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:It is apparent from this and other reviews of the subject that our knowledge of vestibular function is most complete for the primary canal and otolithic afferents. Relatively little progress has been made in the understanding of receptor mechanisms and the functional importance of the efferent vestibular system. Since...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Precht W

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative conditions that include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in animals. Prions appear to be composed principally or entirely of abnormal isoforms of a host-encoded glycoprotein, prion protein. Prion propagat...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Collinge J

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative differences are observed for most complex behavioral and pharmacological traits within any population. Both environmental and genetic influences regulate such individual differences. The mouse has proven to be a superb model in which to investigate the genetic basis for quantitative differences in complex...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Wehner JM,Radcliffe RA,Bowers BJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, yet the underlying causative molecular mechanisms are ill defined. Numerous observations based on drug studies and mutations in genes that cause PD point to a complex set of rather subtle mitochondrial defects that may be causative. Indeed, intensive inve...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Haelterman NA,Yoon WH,Sandoval H,Jaiswal M,Shulman JM,Bellen HJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to embodied cognition theories, higher cognitive abilities depend on the reenactment of sensory and motor representations. In the first part of this review, we critically analyze the central claims of embodied theories and argue that the existing behavioral and neuroimaging data do not allow investigators to...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Caramazza A,Anzellotti S,Strnad L,Lingnau A

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of distinct classes of neurons at defined positions within the developing vertebrate nervous system depends on inductive signals provided by local cell groups that act as organizing centers. Genetic and embryological studies have begun to elucidate the processes that control the pattern and identity of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Lee KJ,Jessell TM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs). In the late embryonic and early postnatal period, these cells respond to inducing factors found in the brain environment by adopting a set of defined characteristics, including high-electrical-resistance tight junctions. Although the f...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Rubin LL,Staddon JM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A category of stimuli of great importance for primates, humans in particular, is that formed by actions done by other individuals. If we want to survive, we must understand the actions of others. Furthermore, without action understanding, social organization is impossible. In the case of humans, there is another facul...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Rizzolatti G,Craighero L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive electrophysiological experiments on Aplysia neurons have resulted in an understanding of simple behaviors in terms of the activities of a single identified neurons. Beginning with the work of Kupfermann & Kandel, neuropeptides in Aplysia have become increasingly implicated as chemical agents that control or ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Kaldany RR,Nambu JR,Scheller RH

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the role of the extended macrophage/monocyte family in the central nervous system during HIV or SIV infection. The accumulated data, buttressed by recent experimental results, suggest that these cells play a central, pathogenic role in retroviral-associated CNS disease. While the immune system i...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Williams KC,Hickey WF

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The primate retina is an exciting focus in neuroscience, where recent data from molecular genetics, adaptive optics, anatomy, and physiology, together with measures of human visual performance, are converging to provide new insights into the retinal origins of color vision. Trichromatic color vision begins when the im...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Dacey DM

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The isolation and sequencing of a number of G protein-coupled receptors has now provided extensive primary structure information for this family of homologous proteins. The diverse nature of these receptors suggests that the family of proteins may grow to include receptors for many neurotransmitters and perhaps many p...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： O'Dowd BF,Lefkowitz RJ,Caron MG

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00