Abstract：
:The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor (PAC1R) belongs to the secretin receptor family and is widely distributed in the central neural system and peripheral organs. Abnormal activation of the receptor mediates trigeminovascular activation and sensitization, which is highly related to migraine, making PAC1R a potential therapeutic target. Elucidation of PAC1R activation mechanism would benefit discovery of therapeutic drugs for neuronal disorders. PAC1R activity is governed by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), known as a major vasodilator neuropeptide, and maxadilan, a native peptide from the sand fly, which is also capable of activating the receptor with similar potency. These peptide ligands have divergent sequences yet initiate convergent PAC1R activity. It is of interest to understand the mechanism of PAC1R ligand recognition and receptor activity regulation through structural biology. Here we report two near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures of PAC1R activated by PACAP38 or maxadilan, providing structural insights into two distinct ligand binding modes. The structures illustrate flexibility of the extracellular domain (ECD) for ligands with distinct conformations, where ECD accommodates ligands in different orientations while extracellular loop 1 (ECL1) protrudes to further anchor the ligand bound in the orthosteric site. By structure-guided molecular modeling and mutagenesis, we tested residues in the ligand-binding pockets and identified clusters of residues that are critical for receptor activity. The structures reported here for the first time elucidate the mechanism of specificity and flexibility of ligand recognition and binding for PAC1R, and provide insights toward the design of therapeutic molecules targeting PAC1R.
journal_name
Cell Resjournal_title
Cell researchauthors
Wang J,Song X,Zhang D,Chen X,Li X,Sun Y,Li C,Song Y,Ding Y,Ren R,Harrington EH,Hu LA,Zhong W,Xu C,Huang X,Wang HW,Ma Ydoi
10.1038/s41422-020-0280-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-05-01 00:00:00pages
436-445issue
5eissn
1001-0602issn
1748-7838pii
10.1038/s41422-020-0280-2journal_volume
30pub_type
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