Abstract:
:The Lesotho guidelines for the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) recommend initiation of patients diagnosed with rifampicin resistant (RR)-TB on a standardized drug resistant regimen while awaiting confirmation of rifampicin resistant TB (RR-TB) and complete drug susceptibility test results. Review of diagnostic records between 2014 and 2016 identified 518 patients with RR-TB. Only 314 (60.6%) patients could be linked to treatment records at the Lesotho MDR hospital. The median delay in treatment initiation from the availability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay result was 12 days (IQR 7-19). Only 32% (101) of patients had a documented first-line drug resistant test. MDR-TB was detected in 56.4% of patients while 33.7% of patients had rifampicin mono-resistance. Only 7.4% of patients assessed for second-line resistance had a positive result (resistance to fluoroquinolone). Treatment success was 69.8%, death rate was 28.8%, loss to follow up was 1.0%, and 0.4% failed treatment. Death was associated with positive or unavailable sputum smear at the end of first month of treatment (Fisher exact p < 0.001) and older age (p = 0.007). Urgent attention needs to be given to link patients with RR-TB to care worldwide. The association of death rate with positive sputum smear at the end of the first month of treatment should trigger early individualization of treatment.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Katende B,Esterhuizen TM,Dippenaar A,Warren RMdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-58690-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-05 00:00:00pages
1917issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-58690-4journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Differential scanning fluorimetry is a popular method to estimate the stability of a protein in distinct buffer conditions by determining its 'melting point'. The method requires a temperature controlled fluorescence spectrometer or a RT-PCR machine. Here, we introduce a low-budget version of a microcontroller based h...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19702-6
更新日期:2018-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::We present measurements of the outdoor stability of PCDTBT:PC71BM based bulk heterojunction organic solar cells for over the course of a year. We find that the devices undergo a burn-in process lasting 450 hours followed by a TS80 lifetime of up to 6200 hours. We conclude that in the most stable devices, the observed ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep21632
更新日期:2016-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial cells respond to changes in subendothelial stiffness by altering their migration and mechanics, but whether those responses are due to transcriptional reprogramming remains largely unknown. We measured traction force generation and also performed gene expression profiling for two endothelial cell types gro...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54336-2
更新日期:2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract::Trichoderma spp colonizes the plant rhizosphere and provides pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and enhance growth and development. We evaluated the Arabidopsis-Trichoderma interaction using a split system in which Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma virens were grown on PDA or MS medium. Arabidopsis gr...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34500-w
更新日期:2018-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Organometallic trihalide perovskites are promising materials for photovoltaic applications, which have demonstrated a rapid rise in photovoltaic performance in a short period of time. We report a facile one-step method to fabricate planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), with a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep14083
更新日期:2015-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Delivery and expression of recombinant genes, a key methodology for many applications in biological research, remains a challenge especially for mature neurons. Here, we report easy, highly efficient and well tolerated transduction of adult peripheral and central neuronal populations of diverse species in culture usin...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep38928
更新日期:2016-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium plays a role of universal cellular regulator in the living cell and one of the crucial regulators of proper fetal development during gestation. Mitochondria are important for intracellular calcium handling and signaling. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) is a multiprotein complex of the mitochondrial inne...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41996-3
更新日期:2019-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) can prevent deaths due to bacteria and reduce the spread of multi-drug-resistance, but cannot be regularly performed in resource-limited-settings due to technological challenges, high-costs, and lack of trained professionals. We demonstrate an automated and cost-effec...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep39203
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::We found the first evidence, in the last 30 years, of a renewed magmatic activity at Campi Flegrei caldera from January 2012 to June 2013. The ground deformation, observed through satellite interferometry and GPS measurements, have been interpreted as the effect of the intrusion at shallow depth (3090 ± 138 m) of 0.00...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13100
更新日期:2015-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have reported that weight control is of paramount importance in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, this well-known association does not provide any practical information on how much weight loss in a given period would reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in individuals in a persona...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67238-5
更新日期:2020-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Noise in genomic sequencing data is known to have effects on various stages of genomic data analysis pipelines. Variant identification is an important step of many of these pipelines, and is increasingly being used in clinical settings to aid medical practices. We propose a denoising method, dubbed SAMDUDE, which oper...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51418-z
更新日期:2019-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents an ultracompact tunable device for power splitting and switching by tuning the Fermi energy level of monolayer patternless graphene underneath a slotted multimode interference (MMI) coupler operating in the mid-infrared, λ = 9-11 μm. By introducing a high-index silicon slot in the central region of...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49186-x
更新日期:2019-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::Although macrophages are important players in the injury/repair processes in animal models of acute kidney injury (AKI), their roles in human AKI remains uncertain owing to a paucity of human biopsy studies. We investigated the role of macrophages in 72 cases of biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and six cases...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58725-w
更新日期:2020-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is important for ESC labeling, drug delivery and cell fate control. In this study, we identified twenty-two phage clones that bind specifically to the hESC cell line X-01, which was derived from human blastocysts of Chinese origin. One phage (H178), which displays the sequence VGG...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep03134
更新日期:2013-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanical forces are critical to modulate cell spreading, contractility, gene expression, and even stem cell differentiation. Yet, existing tools that can apply controllable subcellular forces to a large number of single cells simultaneously are still limited. Here we report a novel ultrasound tweezing cytometry util...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02176
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In biological tissues, radiation causes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), some of which lead to sequential oxidation of certain protein cysteine residues. Resultant cysteinyl radicals are subject to post-translational modification through S-glutathionylation. The present clinical trial was designed to de...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50288-9
更新日期:2019-09-24 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the efficacy of a biphasic synthetic β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium sulfate (β-TCP/CS) bone graft substitute for compatibility with vancomycin (V) in combination with tobramycin (T) or gentamicin (G) evidenced by the duration of potency and the prevention and killing efficacies of P. aeruginosa...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80764-6
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Here we proposed a novel architectural design of a ternary MnO2-based electrode - a hierarchical Co3O4@Pt@MnO2 core-shell-shell structure, where the complemental features of the three key components (a well-defined Co3O4 nanowire array on the conductive Ti substrate, an ultrathin layer of small Pt nanoparticles, and a...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02978
更新日期:2013-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Few studies have examined the potential transcription factor (TF) simultaneously associated with cisplatin resistance and metastasis in ovarian cancer. To assess a related mechanism, a 345-channel protein/DNA array and transcriptional activity ELISA were performed to compare the TF activities in the cisplatin-sensitiv...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31030-3
更新日期:2018-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Norfloxacin (NOF) is an environmentally harmful and ubiquitous aquatic pollutant with extensive production and application. In this study, a novel composition named carbon-based composite photocatalytic material of zinc oxide and zinc sulphide (ZnO/ZnS@BC) was successfully obtained by the impregnation-roasting method ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68517-x
更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the phylogeography and genetic structure of populations and the processes responsible of patterns therein is crucial for evaluating the vulnerability of marine species and developing management strategies. In this study, we explore how past climatic events and ongoing oceanographic and demographic proces...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep33269
更新日期:2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Short-wavelength luminescence is essential for high-performance optoelectronic device applications. There have been efforts to obtain intense ultraviolet (UV) emission by encapsulating ZnO one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures with materials such as ZnS. However, the encapsulation of ZnS 1D nanostructures with ZnO has n...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13556-0
更新日期:2017-10-12 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by excessive production and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins as well as synapse dysfunction and loss. While soluble Aβ oligomers (AβOs) have deleterious effects on synapse function and reduce synapse number, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep42548
更新日期:2017-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Do scientists follow hot topics in their scientific investigations? In this paper, by performing analysis to papers published in the American Physical Society (APS) Physical Review journals, it is found that papers are more likely to be attracted by hot fields, where the hotness of a field is measured by the number of...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02207
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling and alcohol dependence (AD) include repeated addictive behavior despite severe negative consequences. However, the concept of loss aversion (LA) as a facet of value-based decision making has not yet been used to directly compare these disorders. We hypothesized reduced LA ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16433-y
更新日期:2017-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin (CRIg), selectively expressed by macrophages, plays an important role in innate immunity by promoting phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus modulation of CRIg on macrophages by cytokines can be an important mechanism by which cytokines regulate anti-microbial immunity. The effects of the cy...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04325-0
更新日期:2017-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::A nanotechnology-based approach for the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation is proposed. The innovative solution consists in a platform based on biocompatible piezoelectric nanoparticles able to target and remotely stimulate HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The anti-proliferative effects of the ultrasound...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24697-1
更新日期:2018-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and its quality are critical in improving the survival rate of cardiac arrest. This randomized controlled study investigated the efficacy of a newly developed CPR training program for the public in a Taiwanese setting. A total of 832 adults were randomized to either a tradi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67193-1
更新日期:2020-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Diffuse myocardial fibrosis is a key pathophysiologic feature in heart failure and can be quantified by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping. However, increases in myocardial free water also prolong native T1 times and may impact fibrosis quantification. Thus far, the impact of systemic patient volume status re...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23868-4
更新日期:2018-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized to diverse bioactive lipid mediators. Whereas the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) facilitates AA conversion by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to pro-inflammatory leukotrienes (LTs), the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Ac...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09795-w
更新日期:2017-08-24 00:00:00