Abstract:
:Pupillary light reflex (PLR) is an involuntary response where the pupil size changes with luminance. Studies have shown that PLR response was altered in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and other neurological disorders. However, PLR in infants and toddlers is still understudied. We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate PLR in children of 6-24 months using a remote pupillography device. The participants are categorized into two groups. The 'high risk' (HR) group includes children with one or more siblings diagnosed with ASDs; whereas the 'low risk' (LR) group includes children without an ASD diagnosis in the family history. The participants' PLR was measured every six months until the age of 24 months. The results indicated a significant age effect in multiple PLR parameters including resting pupil radius, minimal pupil radius, relative constriction, latency, and response time. In addition, the HR group had a significantly larger resting and minimal pupil size than the LR group. The experimental data acquired in this study revealed not only general age-related PLR changes in infants and toddlers, but also different PLRs in children with a higher risk of ASD.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Kercher C,Azinfar L,Dinalankara DMR,Takahashi TN,Miles JH,Yao Gdoi
10.1038/s41598-020-58254-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-27 00:00:00pages
1205issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-020-58254-6journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Metasurfaces, owing to their attractive features, provide a wide range of potential applications. Electromagnetic absorbers based on metasurfaces have significantly improved responses compared to the earlier absorbers made from composite materials. Active metasurfaces, in contrast to the passive designs, can exhibit m...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28574-9
更新日期:2018-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::IL-37 is a novel pro-angiogenic cytokine that potently promotes endothelial cell activation and pathological angiogenesis in our previous study, but the mechanisms behind the pro-angiogenic effect of IL-37 are less well understood. Extending our observations, we found that TGF-β interacts with IL-37, and potently enha...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-06124-z
更新日期:2017-07-21 00:00:00
abstract::In this contribution, a complete dissertation concerning the behavior of a Long Period Grating (LPG) inscribed in a B-Ge co-doped optical fiber by means of an excimer laser and exposed to proton irradiation during a recent extensive campaign performed at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) with a flu...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58049-9
更新日期:2020-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::The connection between structure and stability of ecological networks has been widely studied in the last fifty years. A challenge that scientists continue to face is that in-depth mathematical model analysis is often difficult, unless the considered systems are specifically constrained. This makes it challenging to g...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50373-z
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Agricultural land is typically managed based on visible plant life at the expense of the belowground majority. However, microorganisms mediate processes sustaining plant life and the soil environment. To understand the role of microbes we first must understand what controls soil microbial community assembly. We assess...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep45369
更新日期:2017-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::In this report, we propose and demonstrate an air-mode photonic crystal ring resonator (PhCRR) on silicon-on-insulator platform. Air mode is utilized to confine the optical field into photonic crystal (PhC) air holes, which is confirmed by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation. PhCRR structure...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep19999
更新日期:2016-01-28 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas and infects approximately 170 million people worldwide. Although several reporter systems have been developed, many shortcomings limit their use in the assessment of HCV infections. Here, we rep...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep08865
更新日期:2015-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is the primary target for influenza therapeutics. Severe complications are often related to secondary pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci), which also express NAs. Recently, a NA-mediated lethal synergism between influenza A viruses and pneumococci was described...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep27156
更新日期:2016-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The detection and assessment of intravascular filling defects is important, because they may represent a process central to cerebral malaria pathogenesis: neurovascular sequestration. We have developed and validated a framework that can automatically detect intravascular filling defects in fluorescein angiogram images...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep11154
更新日期:2015-06-08 00:00:00
abstract::Kohlschutter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) is a rare genetic disorder with neurological dysfunctions including seizure and intellectual impairment. Mutations at the Rogdi locus have been linked to development of KTS, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that a Drosophila homolog of Rogdi acts as a n...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11941-3
更新日期:2017-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63289-w
更新日期:2020-04-07 00:00:00
abstract::The physiological function of the pancreas is controlled by the circadian clock. The aim of this study was to determine whether aging-induced changes in glucose homeostasis affect properties of the circadian clock in the pancreas and/or its sensitivity to disturbances in environmental lighting conditions. mPer2Luc mic...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30225-y
更新日期:2018-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::An increase in adipose tissue is caused by the increased size and number of adipocytes. Lipids accumulate in intracellular stores, known as lipid droplets (LDs). Recent studies suggest that parameters such as LD size, shape and dynamics are closely related to the development of obesity. Berberine (BBR), a natural plan...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47060-4
更新日期:2019-07-19 00:00:00
abstract::Kefir peptides, generated by kefir grain fermentation of milk proteins, showed positive antioxidant effects, lowered blood pressure and modulated the immune response. In this study, kefir peptide was evaluated regarding their anti-inflammatory effects on particulate matter <4 μm (PM4.0)-induced lung inflammation in NF...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47872-4
更新日期:2019-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies highlight the winners and losers in fisheries under climate change based on shifts in biomass, species composition and potential catches. Understanding how climate change is likely to alter the fisheries revenues of maritime countries is a crucial next step towards the development of effective socio-e...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep32607
更新日期:2016-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Hibernation in mammals is a remarkable state of heterothermy wherein metabolic rates are reduced, core body temperatures reach ambient levels, and key physiological functions are suspended. Typically, hibernation is observed in cold-adapted mammals, though it has also been documented in tropical species and even prima...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep01768
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the different craniocervical structures in humans and cetaceans, a standardised method assessing the normal craniocervical relationship in cetaceans is lacking, causing difficulties in defining the presence of atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) in cetaceans. The present study aimed to 1) describe a novel stan...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-26866-8
更新日期:2018-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::This anatomical study sought to investigate the morphological characteristics and biomechanical properties of the oblique popliteal ligament (OPL). Embalmed cadaveric knees were used for the study. The OPL and its surrounding structures were dissected; its morphology was carefully observed, analyzed and measured; its ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep42698
更新日期:2017-02-16 00:00:00
abstract::The F1F0-ATP synthase, an enzyme complex, is mainly located on the mitochondrial inner membrane or sometimes cytomembrane to generate or hydrolyze ATP, play a role in cell proliferation. This study focused on the role of F1F0-ATP synthase in keratinocyte differentiation, and its relationship with intracellular and ext...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep42672
更新日期:2017-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a broad role in the development of many organs including bone and teeth. It is noted that sustained Hh activity in osteoblasts negatively regulates postnatal development in mice. However, it remains unknown whether Hh signaling contributes to cementum formation. In this study, to define t...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64188-w
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical benefit from trastuzumab and other anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) therapies in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC) remains limited by primary or acquired resistance. We aimed to investigate the impact of concomitant molecular alterations to HER2 amplification on the clinical ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep09289
更新日期:2015-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells have been discovered as key players in the genesis of different neoplasms including craniopharyngioma (CP), a rare tumour entity in the sellar region. Sox2 and Sox9 are well-known stem cell markers involved in pituitary development. In this study we analysed the expression of both transcription factors usin...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15977-3
更新日期:2017-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Lateral flow strip tests are a cost-effective method for detecting specific proteins in biological samples, which can be performed in the field without specialized expertise. While most recognizable in the pregnancy tests, there are many other applications for lateral flow strip technology. The pest control industry h...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70200-0
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is a multifactorial process that results in progressive loss of regenerative capacity and tissue function while simultaneously favoring the development of a large array of age-related diseases. Evidence suggests that the accumulation of senescent cells in tissue promotes both normal and pathological aging. Oxic ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76925-2
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process in which epithelial cells translate into a mesenchymal phenotype with invasive capacities, contributing to tumour progression, metastasis, and the acquisition of chemotherapy resistance. To identify new therapeutic targets for cancers, it is important ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16555-3
更新日期:2017-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has shown beneficial effects in models of Parkinson's disease. The mild results observed in the double-blind clinical trial by intraputamenal infusion of recombinant GDNF proteins warrant a search for alternative delivery methods. In this study, we investigated the functio...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02786
更新日期:2013-09-27 00:00:00
abstract::Electrolyte concentration in sweat depends on environmental context and physical condition but also on the pathophysiological status. Sweat analyzers may be therefore the future way for biological survey although how sweat electrolyte composition can reflect plasma composition remains unclear. We recruited 10 healthy ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12211-y
更新日期:2017-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54255-2
更新日期:2019-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::Stem cells are promising for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and large animal models should be used to better understand the full spectrum of stem cell actions and preclinical evidences. In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were transplanted into swine heart ischemia model. To detect...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep28250
更新日期:2016-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Core-shell Nb2O5/TiO2 composite with hierarchical heterostructure is successfully synthesized In-situ by a facile template-free and acid-free solvothermal method based on the mechanism of liquid phase epitaxy. The chemical circumstance change induced by the alcoholysis of NbCl5 is utilized tactically to trigger core-s...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep25260
更新日期:2016-04-28 00:00:00