Abstract:
:Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a sight-threatening neurovasculopathy, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. DR arises as the result of prolonged hyperglycemia and is characterized by leaky retinal vasculature, retinal ischemia, retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neovascularization. The number of DR patients is growing with an increase in the elderly population, and therapeutic approaches are limited, therefore, new therapies to prevent retinal injury and enhance repair are a critical unmet need. Besides vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced vascular proliferation, several other mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, including vascular inflammation. Thus, combining anti-VEGF therapy with other new therapies targeting these pathophysiological pathways of DR may further optimize treatment outcomes. Technological advancements have allowed for high-throughput proteomic studies examining biofluids such as aqueous humor, vitreous humor, tear, and serum. Many DR biomarkers have been identified, especially proteins involved in retinal inflammatory processes. This review attempts to summarize the proteomic biomarkers of DR-associated retinal inflammation identified over the last several years.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Youngblood H,Robinson R,Sharma A,Sharma Sdoi
10.3390/ijms20194755subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-25 00:00:00issue
19issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20194755journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Prostate cancer is widely observed to be biologically heterogeneous. Its heterogeneity is manifested histologically as multifocal prostate cancer, which is observed more frequently than unifocal prostate cancer. The clinical and prognostic significance of either focal cancer type is not fully established. To investiga...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms140611816
更新日期:2013-06-03 00:00:00
abstract::The serine protease Caseinolytic protease subunit P (ClpP) plays an important role for protein homeostasis in bacteria and contributes to various developmental processes, as well as virulence. Therefore, ClpP is considered as a potential drug target in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we utiliz...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20112686
更新日期:2019-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Protein export in eukaryotes can either occur via the classical pathway traversing the endomembrane system or exploit alternative routes summarized as unconventional secretion. Besides multiple examples in higher eukaryotes, unconventional secretion has also been described for fungal proteins with diverse functions in...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20030460
更新日期:2019-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::In our study, poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with perphenazine (PPH) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ-HCl) were formulated by emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The effect of various processing variables, including PLGA concentration, theoretical drug loading, poly(vinyl alcohol) (...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms151223909
更新日期:2014-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin-resistance is one of the main factors responsible for the onset and progression of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Among all polyphenols, the effects of flavonoids and their main food sources on insulin sensitivity have been widely evaluated in molecular and clinical studies. The aim of this review is to analyse th...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20092061
更新日期:2019-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Protein inhibitors of proteases are an important tool of nature to regulate and control proteolysis in living organisms under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of inhibition of cysteine proteases on the basis of structural information and compiled kinetic data. The g...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms22030997
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are a diverse group of constitutive and/or stress-induced molecules that are categorized into several classes on the basis of their molecular weight. Mammalian Hsp have been mostly regarded as intracellular chaperones that mediate a range of essential cellular functions, including proper fold...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21155298
更新日期:2020-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::The MP2 and DFT/B3LYP methods at 6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pdz basis sets have been used to probe the origin of relative stability preference for eclipsed acetaldehyde over its bisected counterpart. A relative energy stability range of 1.02 to 1.20 kcal/mol, in favor of the eclipsed conformer, was found and discussed. ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms131115360
更新日期:2012-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogen-induced reorganization of the host cell cytoskeleton is a common strategy utilized in host cell invasion by many facultative intracellular bacteria, such as Shigella, Listeria, enteroinvasive E. coli and Salmonella. Shigella is an enteroinvasive intracellular pathogen that preferentially infects human epithel...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms151018253
更新日期:2014-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Viruses are increasingly recognized as emerging infectious disease agents in both humans and animals.[...]. ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.3390/ijms19020398
更新日期:2018-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Targeting cancer cells using chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR-)T cells has propelled adoptive T-cell therapy (ATT) to the next level. A plentitude of durable complete responses using CD19-specific CAR-T cells in patients suffering from various lymphoid malignancies resulted in the approval by the food and drug administr...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms20235942
更新日期:2019-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe and recurrent microvascular complication in diabetes. The multifunctional response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. To investigate the role of RGC-32 in the development of DR, we used human retinal microvascu...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19113629
更新日期:2018-11-17 00:00:00
abstract::Intestinal absorption and barrier malfunctions are associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the intestine. We induced ERS by exposing the intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2) to tunicamycin (TUNI) to explore the potential of l-glutamine to reduce ERS-induced apoptosis. Our experiments demo...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18122617
更新日期:2017-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::Trehalose (α-D-glucopyranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside) is a non-reducing sugar with unique stabilizing properties due to its symmetrical, low energy structure consisting of two 1,1-anomerically bound glucose moieties. Many applications of this beneficial sugar have been reported in the novel food (nutricals), medical, pha...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms160613729
更新日期:2015-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Sugars, which are important signaling molecules, regulate diverse biological processes in plants. However, the convergent regulatory mechanisms governing these physiological activities have not been fully elucidated. MODIFIER OF snc1-1 (MOS1), a modulator of plant immunity, also regulates floral transition, cell cycle...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21197095
更新日期:2020-09-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autologous fat transfer in the form of lipoaspirates for the reconstruction of the breast after breast cancer surgery is a commonly used procedure in plastic surgery. However, concerns regarding the oncologic risk of nutrient-rich fat tissue are widely debated. Previous studies have primarily focused on stud...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21239171
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The alkaloid 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is well-known for various biological activities, including antioxidant effects and especially for the formation of coordination complexes with various transition metals, such as iron, amongst others. Therefore, 8HQ was extensively explored as a promising antineurodegener...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19123917
更新日期:2018-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes the survival and differentiation of neurons. NGF is initially synthesized as a precursor, proNGF, which is the predominant form in the central nervous system. NGF and proNGF bind to TrkA/p75NTR to mediate cell survival and to sortilin/p75NTR to promote apoptosis. The ratio of TrkA to...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms18030599
更新日期:2017-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::The immune system and the central nervous system message each other to preserving central homeostasis. Both systems undergo changes during aging that determine central age-related defects. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural product which is beneficial in both peripheral and central diseases, including aging. We analyzed t...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21103631
更新日期:2020-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::At present, studies on macrophage proteins mainly focus on biological stimuli, with less attention paid to the responses of macrophage proteins to physical stimuli, such as electric fields. Here, we exploited the electric field-sensitive hub proteins of macrophages. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with a direct cur...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21124505
更新日期:2020-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of CO2/HCO3-. Equilibrium of these species is maintained by the action of carbonic anhydrase. Recent advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy have allowed, for the first time, in vivo characterization of carbonic anhydras...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21072442
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Akt acts as a pivotal regulator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and represents a potential drug target for cancer therapy. To search for new inhibitors of Akt kinase, we performed a structure-based virtual screening using the DOCK 4.0 program and the X-ray crystal structure of human Akt kinase. From the virtual scre...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms16023202
更新日期:2015-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of the human genome is comprised of non-protein-coding genes, but the relevance of non-coding RNAs in complex diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. One class of non-coding RNAs is long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs, many of which have been identified to play a range of roles in transcription and translati...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms22031094
更新日期:2021-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Updated measurements of charged particle fluxes during the transit from Earth to Mars as well as on site measurements by Curiosity of Martian surface radiation fluxes identified potential health hazards associated with radiation exposure for human space missions. Designing mitigation strategies of radiation risks to a...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms20010176
更新日期:2019-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Dysbiosis, an imbalance of intestinal flora, can cause serious conditions such as obesity, cancer, and psychoneurological disorders. One cause of dysbiosis is inflammation. Ulcerative enteritis is a side effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To counteract this side effect, we proposed the concurren...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21218166
更新日期:2020-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::The stem cells of neurogenesis and carcinogenesis share many properties, including proliferative rate, an extensive replicative potential, the potential to generate different cell types of a given tissue, and an ability to independently migrate to a damaged area. This is also evidenced by the common molecular principl...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3390/ijms21051691
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of combined nitrogen, especially nitrate, to soybean plants is known to strongly inhibit nodule formation, growth and nitrogen fixation. In the present study, we measured the effects of supplying 5 mM nitrate on the growth of nodules, primary root, and lateral roots under light at 28 °C or dark at 18 °...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms15034464
更新日期:2014-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The homeostatic control of lipid metabolism is essential for many fundamental physiological processes. A deep understanding of its regulatory mechanisms is pivotal to unravel prospective physiopathological factors and to identify novel molecular targets that could be employed to design promising therapies in the manag...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms21041297
更新日期:2020-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we developed a novel microRNA (miRNA) delivery system based on bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (MS2 VLPs). In this current study, we used this system to transport miR-146a into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and demonstrated the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis in precursors. Two ...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms16048337
更新日期:2015-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Rolling-circle replication (RCR) elements constitute a diverse group that includes viruses, plasmids, and transposons, present in hosts from all domains of life. Eukaryotic RCR transposons, also known as Helitrons, are found in species from all eukaryotic kingdoms, sometimes representing a large portion of their genom...
journal_title:International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3390/ijms19103079
更新日期:2018-10-09 00:00:00