Abstract：
:This study involved an attempt to establish a new photosafety screening system for dermally-applied chemicals consisting of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and an in vitro skin permeation test. The ROS assay was undertaken to evaluate photoreactivity of six test compounds, acridine (ACD), furosemide (FSM), hexachlorophene (HCP), 8-methoxypsoralen (MOP), norfloxacin (NFX), and promethazine (PMZ), and the in vitro skin permeation test was conducted to obtain steady-state concentration (Css) values of test compounds in removed rat skin. All test compounds were photoreactive based on ROS generation under simulated sunlight exposure. In particular, ROS generation from ACD was high compared with other test compounds, and photoreactivity of ACD was deduced to be potent. The Css values of ACD, HCP, MOP, and PMZ were over 50 μg/mL, and skin exposure to FSM and NFX was found to be extremely low. Upon these findings, ACD was judged to be highly phototoxic. The rank for phototoxic risk of test compounds based on photoreactivity and in vitro skin exposure was mostly in agreement with outcomes on their in vivo phototoxicity in rats. The proposed strategy, an alternative to animal testing, would be efficacious for photosafety evaluation of drug candidates in early stages of pharmaceutical development.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Iyama Y,Sato H,Seto Y,Onoue Sdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-12-15 00:00:00pages
45-52eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378-4274(19)30287-5journal_volume
317pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Hydrazine (Hz) mutagenicity was observed in a test using Escherichia coli B/r strain, WP2 uvrA and was enhanced by the addition of rat liver microsomal fraction containing a generating system, while the enhanced mutagenicity was diminished by the addition of metyrapone to the microsome-free levels. On the other hand, ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(86)90006-8
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonylphenol (NP) is a representative endocrine disruptor that has an adverse effect on male reproduction and posses direct hazard to Sertoli cells, but the mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. In the present study, based on the structural comparability and high affinity between NP and membrane phospholipid molec...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.011
更新日期：2008-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene is a common occupational hazard and a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Benzene exposure at the levels even below 1ppm still showed hematotoxicity. It is widely accepted that the metabolites of benzene play important roles in the benzene toxicity to the hematopoietic system, but little is known about the eff...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.012
更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of zinc on the lipid components of carp erythrocytes (Cyprinus carpio L.) were studied on red blood cells exposed to ZnSO4 (0.01-1 mM) for 20 h. The temperatures of the incubation medium were 5 and 20 degrees C for carp collected in winter and summer, respectively. It was observed that increase in the conc...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00066-8
更新日期：2002-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The color additive, amaranth, was given in the diet to provide dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.03, 0.09 and 0.27%, from 5 weeks of age in F0 generation mice to 9 weeks of age in F1 generation mice, and some reproductive, developmental and behavioral parameters were measured. There was no effect on the parameters of l...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90290-z
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.038
更新日期：2014-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian xenobiotic-metabolizing sulfotransferases are cytosolic enzymes, which form a gene superfamily (SULT). Ten distinct human SULT forms are known. Two SULT forms represent splice variants, the other forms are encoded by separate genes. Common functional polymorphisms of the transcribed region are known for ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00214-3
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of 54Mn in various organs of pregnant rats and of their 19-day-old fetuses and in non-pregnant female rats of various ages has been studied 18 h after an i.v. injection of 54MnCl2. The results indicate that early neonates are more susceptible to manganese (Mn) than the growing rats. The localization o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90026-0
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, spermatogenic cell apoptosis was shown to play a key role in the induction of testicular atrophy by dibutyl phthalate (DBP), thus causing reproductive toxicology. However, the molecular events induced by DBP in apoptotic germ cells remain unclear. In the present study, the mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cel...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.016
更新日期：2016-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) occurs naturally in the environment and the general population's exposure to it is predominantly through diet. Chronic Cd exposure is a public health concern because Cd is a known carcinogen; it accumulates in the body and causes kidney damage. The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANE...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.022
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 20 female albino rats was exposed to mosquito coil smoke, 8 h a day, 6 days per week, for 60 days. An additional group receiving air exposure served as control. The smoke-exposed animals had a lower body weight than the controls. Smoke-induced histopathological lesions, including an inflammation of the trac...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90238-4
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The upregulated α-synuclein (α-syn) and Tau co-occur in methamphetamine (METH) abusers' brains. Here, we designed experiments mainly to investigate whether α-syn and Tau interact in METH exposure. We detected the expression of α-syn, total Tau, and phosphorylation of Tau at Serine 396 (pSer396 Tau) under in vitro and ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.028
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main objective of this work was to assess the potentiality of in vitro models to study and understand the uranium-induced cytotoxicity on renal cells. Cytotoxicity and morphological studies were performed in a tubular proximal original established cell line (LLC-PK1 cell line). Dose-dependent cytotoxicity response...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00371-3
更新日期：1999-02-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Since cell death by apoptosis is achieved through complex interactions between numerous molecular components, cells may fail to die when stimulated because of molecular abnormalities in the apoptosis pathway or in its control mechanisms. Such inappropriate cell survival is well established when apoptosis is suppressed...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00343-9
更新日期：1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve agent toxicity is primarily due to the synaptic build up of toxic levels of acetylcholine. The acute lethal effects of the nerve agents are generally attributed to respiratory failure caused by a combination of effects at both central and peripheral levels and are further complicated by copious secretions, muscl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.022
更新日期：2012-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Methanol remains to be a major public and environmental health hazard. Formic acid is the toxic metabolite responsible for the metabolic acidosis observed in methanol poisoning in humans, in non-human primates and in folate-depleted rodents. Cytochrome oxidase inhibition by formate leads to lactic acid accumulation, w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.07.017
更新日期：2006-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhalation of ultrafine particulate matter (PM) in air pollution increases cardiovascular mortality by passing into systemic circulation and possibly affecting endothelial cell (EC) function. This study identified the chemical constituents, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in diesel exhaust particula...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.014
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Due to its ability to avidly accumulate methyl mercury from blood, scalp hair has been widely used as a biological monitor for human exposure. The question arises that hair may also be an important route of elimination of methyl mercury from the body. Taking original publications and reviews on the physiology of hair ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.08.010
更新日期：2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently showed in a rat model of dichromate-induced acute renal failure (ARF) that the elimination but not the distribution of pralidoxime was altered resulting in sustained plasma pralidoxime concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of pralidoxime in normal and acute renal failure rats ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.020
更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Iodinated contrast media (CM) can induce apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular cells. The injuries of endothelial cells induced by CM on the systemic condition have not been fully understood. To assess the toxic effects of non-ionic CM on the glomerular and aortic endothelial cells, iopromide and iodixanol, two kind...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.011
更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Grain should be harvested at lowest possible humidity, or immediately dried to safe storage humidity to prevent the growth of fungi. Critical steps of grain harvest like conditions of used combine harvester, temperatures and aeration are discussed on their impact on mycotoxin formation. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.043
更新日期：2004-10-10 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA-damaging agents are commonly used as anticancer therapeutics. Unfortunately, such drugs induced DNA damages as well as DNA repair are important in mediating drug resistance to cancer treatments. To evaluate changes in DNA repair proteins that occur in DNA damage agent treatment, we challenged human A549 lung adeno...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.028
更新日期：2011-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate whether vitamin C (VC) was associated with total antioxidant status (TAS) in human plasma and to determine the usefulness of VC on TAS in the treatment of patients with paraquat poisoning. VC and TAS were measured in 56 healthy subjects. Then, various concentrations (1-100 mg/dl) o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00431-3
更新日期：2002-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of methyl mercury chloride (MeHgCl) on the chick sympathetic and sensory dorsal root ganglia was studied in a biological in vitro assay. These cultures were not affected by the addition of MeHg up to a concentration of 2 microM. However, after an addition of 4-5 microM MeHg the capability of the neurons to ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)03176-8
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A protective effect of preadministration of the metals Cu, Bi, Zn, Hg, Cd, Ni or Co, against lethal toxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) was observed in mice. However, the protective effect seems not always to correlate with metallothionein (MT) levels in the liver and kidney of mice treated with...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90058-x
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Work with sub-natural levels of deuterium (D) in animals has demonstrated an anti-cancer effect of low D-concentration in water. Our objective was to investigate whether deuterium-depleted water (DDW) can overturn reverse manganese (Mn)-induced reduction in life span, using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of feeding a diet containing 5% tansy ragwort (TR) (Senecio jacobaea), a poisonous plant containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), on the blood and liver levels of copper, zinc, iron and vitamin A in broiler chicks was examined. Serum and liver copper and liver iron concentrations were increased in chicks fe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90017-e
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information about the effects of phytoestrogens in the liver, the main organ of metabolism, is limited. In this study we have examined the dose dependent effects of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) on gene expression in rat liver in comparison to the potent estrogen ethinylestradiol (EE). Special attention was paid t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.01.001
更新日期：2005-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Polarographic measurements of the rates of oxygen consumption by isolated rat liver mitochondria respiring on pyruvate/malate in metabolic state 4 revealed that additions of micromolar amounts of chalepin, a naturally occurring furocoumarin resulted in significant decreases in respiratory rates. At 16 microM chalepin,...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90151-0
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
