Abstract:
:Fungal diseases are severe and have very high morbidity as well as up to 60% mortality for patients diagnosed with invasive fungal infection. In this review, in vitro and in vivo studies provided us with the insight into the role of Candida virulence factors that mediate their success as pathogens, such as: membrane and cell wall (CW) barriers, dimorphism, biofilm formation, signal transduction pathway, proteins related to stress tolerance, hydrolytic enzymes (e.g. proteases, lipases, haemolysins), and toxin production. The review characterized the virulence of clinically important C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. Due to the white-opaque transition in the mating-type locus MTL-homozygous cells, C. albicans demonstrates an advantage over other less related species of Candida as a human commensal and pathogen. It was reviewed that Candida ergosterol biosynthesis genes play a role in cellular stress and are essential for Candida pathogenesis both in invasive and superficial infections. Hydrolases associated with CW are involved in the host-pathogen interactions. Adhesins are crucial in colonization and biofilm formation, an important virulence factor for candidiasis. Calcineurin is involved in membrane and CW stress as well as virulence. The hyphae-specific toxin, named candidalysin, invades mucosal cells facilitating fungal invasion into deeper tissues. Expression of this protein promotes resistance to neutrophil killing in candidiasis. The virulence factors provide immunostimulatory factors, activating dendric cells and promoting T cell infiltration and activation. Targeting virulence factors, can reduce the risk of resistance development in Candida infections.
journal_name
Curr Protein Pept Scijournal_title
Current protein & peptide scienceauthors
Staniszewska Mdoi
10.2174/1389203720666190722152415subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
313-323issue
3eissn
1389-2037issn
1875-5550pii
CPPS-EPUB-99831journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The affinity tags are unique proteins/peptides that are attached at the N- or C-terminus of the recombinant proteins. These tags help in protein purification. Additionally, some affinity tags also serve a dual purpose as solubility enhancers for challenging protein targets. By applying a combinatorial approach, carefu...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389203721666200606220109
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and its methylated derivatives: anserine (β-alanyl-Nπ- methyl-L-histidine) and balenine (β-alanyl-Nτ-methyl-L-histidine) are abundant constituents of excitable tissues of vertebrates. While carnosine and anserine are present at high concentrations and in variable proportions in skeleta...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203719666180226155657
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione (GSH or reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide of gamma-Glutamyl-cysteinylglycine and the predominant intracellular antioxidant in many organisms including humans. GSH and associated enzymes are controlled by a transcription factor-nuclear factor-2 related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2). In cellular milieu, GSH p...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389203720666190206130003
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Host cell entry by influenza and other enveloped viruses is well characterized, however, the manner in which non-enveloped viruses deliver their genome across host cell membranes in the absence of membrane fusion remains unresolved. The discovery of short, membrane altering, amphipathic or hydrophobic sequences in sev...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920308783565732
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article is a continuation of a series of reviews on the presence and the role of intrinsic disorder in milk proteins in the journal of Current Protein and Peptide Science. The focus of this article is on casein phosphopeptides, which are liberated during digestion of the milk protein casein. Structurally these ph...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203717666151201191658
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::SFTI-1 is a bicyclic 14 amino acid peptide that was originally isolated from the seeds of the sunflower Helianthus annuus. It is a potent inhibitor of trypsin, with a sub-nanomolar K(i) value and is homologous to the active site region of the well-known family of serine protease inhibitors known as the Bowman-Birk try...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203043379594
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current lack of complete understanding of the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant barrier to its early diagnosis and treatment. Cell cycle arrest plays an important role in the protection of renal tubular epithelial cells and maladaptive repair following AKI. G1 phase cell arrest serves as a...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203717666160915162238
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biotin carboxylase family is comprised of a group of enzymes that utilize a covalently bound prosthetic group, biotin, as a cofactor. These enzymes, which include acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, geranoyl-CoA carboxylase, oxaloacetate decarbox...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203033487199
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prediction of protein domain boundaries is an important step for the prediction of three-dimensional structure. The simple method PDP has been elaborated for prediction of the number and position of domain boundaries in multi-domain proteins by use of amino acid sequence alone. The method uses an optimized scale based...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920307780363460
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While the crucial role of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) in the cell cycle is now recognized, deciphering their molecular mode of action at the structural level still remains highly challenging and requires a combination of many biophysical approaches. Among them, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920312799277901
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infection in humans and animals, causing a wide variety of diseases, from local inflammations to fatal sepsis. The bacterium is commonly multi-drug resistant and thus many front-line antibiotics have been rendered ineffective for treating such infections. Research on murein/pe...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203716666151102105515
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fbxo7/PARK15 has well-defined roles, acting as part of a Skp1-Cul1-F box protein (SCF)- type E3 ubiquitin ligase and also having SCF-independent activities. Mutations within FBXO7 have been found to cause an early-onset Parkinson's disease, and these are found within or near to its functional domains, including its F-...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203717666160311121433
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Structure based drug designing is now a popular technique used for increasing the speed of drug designing process. This was made possible by the availability of many protein structures which helped in developing tools to understand the structure function relationships, automated docking and virtual screening. Knowledg...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920307781369454
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific recombinant saliva allerg...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203720666190729122614
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds in the presence of water. In media with low water content or in organic solvents, they can catalyze synthetic reactions such as esterification and transesterification. Lipases and esterases, in particular those from extremophilic origin, are robust enzymes, func...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203715666140228153801
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP) is a popular medicinal herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat CVDs. However, the development of this novel therapeutic product has been stagnant, and its molecular mechanism of action...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389203720666190610161535
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Mastermind-like (MAML) proteins are transcriptional coactivators for Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved pathway that plays several key roles in development and in human disease. The MAML family contains MAML1, MAML2, and MAML3. More recently, MAML1 has been shown to function as a coactivator for the tumo...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920309789630543
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a newly discovered gastrointestinal peptide with 33% sequence homology to glucagon. GLP-2 has attracted interest because of its potent intestinotrophic endocrine/paracrine actions. The peptide, consisting of 33-amino-acid, results from expression of the glucagon gene in the enteroend...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203043486946
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work briefly describes available sensors for cAMP and cGMP. Many sensors are based on derivatization of naturally occurring products such as immunoglobulins, protein kinases, etc. Only a few published works deal with chemosensors, which are built up by "total" chemical synthesis. This field stays opened for combi...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203053545408
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) represent an emerging class of proteins (or domains) that are characterized by a lack of ordered secondary and tertiary structure. This group of proteins has recently attracted tremendous interest primarily because of a unique feature: they can bind to different targets due to ...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920308786733930
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibroids or myomas involve large proportion of women of reproductive age. The myoma formation starts from the transformation of the myometrium, causing the progressive formation of a pseudocapsule, which is made of compressed muscle fibers. Numerous studies investigated on myoma pseudocapsule anatomy, discovering many...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1389203717666160322150338
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is a water-soluble toxic peptide of which a various biological effects have been identified to be useful in anti-tumor therapy. In addition, Melittin also has anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is a very attractive thera...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203719666180612084615
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) is a key regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Cells contain two protein isoforms of XBP-1, the active isoform (XBP-1S) and the inactive isoform (XBP-1U). Induction of UPR leads to the generation of XBP-1S ...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203718666170911144812
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CW domain is a zinc binding domain, composed of approximately 50- 60 amino acid residues with four conserved cysteine (C) and two to four conserved tryptophan (W) residues. The members of the superfamily of CW domain containing proteins, comprised of 12 different eukaryotic nuclear protein families, are extensivel...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203717666160125115130
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane signaling molecules that are expressed in cells of the innate immune system. In these cells, TLRs function as pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that recognize specific molecular patterns derived from microorganisms. Upon activation, TLRs trigger a cascade of intrac...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203711314010006
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a tremendous increase in the number of approved drugs derived from recombinant proteins; however, their development as potential drugs has been hampered by their instability that causes difficulty to formulate them as therapeutic agents. It has been shown that the reactivity of thiol and disulfide funct...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920309789630534
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aggregation of proteins or their digested fragments through β-sheet structures has a great significance because it leads to neurodegenerative diseases, which are a problem of the aging societies of the developed countries. Short peptides are typically used as models to study the formation of specific structures. H...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203718666170516111601
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine is widely used in such applications as protein refolding, solubilization of proteins and small molecules, protein and small molecule formulation, column chromatography and viral inactivation as summarized in this review. What makes arginine effective in these applications is largely based on its ability to su...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920371506140818113015
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), known largely as a growth-promoting agent, possesses a growth-inhibitory motif recently identified as an occult epitopic segment in the third domain. The present study reviews the multiple biological activities of this AFP-derived peptide segment termed the Growth Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), whi...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138920306775474130
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactoferrin or lactotransferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in blood circulation, mucosal surfaces, neutrophils, and in various secretory fluids, such as milk, bile, tears, nasal secretion, pancreatic juice, and saliva. The lactoferrin content in milk varies between different mammalian species and, within ...
journal_title:Current protein & peptide science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1389203715666140919124530
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00