Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To assess heat related mortalities in relation to climate within Europe. DESIGN:Observational population study. SETTING:North Finland, south Finland, Baden-Württemberg, Netherlands, London, north Italy, and Athens. SUBJECTS:People aged 65-74. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Mortalities at temperatures above, below, and within each region's temperature band of minimum mortality. RESULTS:Mortality was lowest at 14.3-17.3 degrees C in north Finland but at 22.7-25.7 degrees C in Athens. Overall the 3 degrees C minimum mortality temperature bands were significantly higher in regions with higher than lower mean summer temperatures (P=0.027). This was not due to regional differences in wind speeds, humidity, or rain. As a result, regions with hot summers did not have significantly higher annual heat related mortality per million population than cold regions at temperatures above these bands. Mean annual heat related mortalities were 304 (95% confidence interval 126 to 482) in North Finland, 445 (59 to 831) in Athens, and 40 (13 to 68) in London. Cold related mortalities were 2457 (1130 to 3786), 2533 (965 to 4101), and 3129 (2319 to 3939) respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Populations in Europe have adjusted successfully to mean summer temperatures ranging from 13.5 degrees C to 24.1 degrees C, and can be expected to adjust to global warming predicted for the next half century with little sustained increase in heat related mortality. Active measures to accelerate adjustment to hot weather could minimise temporary rises in heat related mortality, and measures to maintain protection against cold in winter could permit substantial reductions in overall mortality as temperatures rise.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Keatinge WR,Donaldson GC,Cordioli E,Martinelli M,Kunst AE,Mackenbach JP,Nayha S,Vuori Idoi
10.1136/bmj.321.7262.670keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-16 00:00:00pages
670-3issue
7262eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833journal_volume
321pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care and community settings. DESIGN:Systematic review. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CAB Health, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, the database of abstracts of review...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.e5205
更新日期:2012-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether and how investigators of placebo controlled randomised trials inform participants of their treatment allocation at trial closure and to assess barriers to feedback. DESIGN:Postal survey with a semistructured questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS:All investigators who published a placebo controlled ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1329
更新日期:2002-12-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy and safety of the anticoagulant fondaparinux in older acute medical inpatients at moderate to high risk of venous thromboembolism. DESIGN:Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING:35 centres in eight countries. PARTICIPANTS:849 medical patients aged 60 or more admi...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38733.466748.7C
更新日期:2006-02-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of withdrawing diuretic drugs on oedema in patients prescribed them for only ankle oedema, excluding patients with cardiac, hepatic, or renal failure. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:15 general practices in the Netherlands. PATIENTS:1202 patients aged 65 years or older a...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6927.511
更新日期:1994-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::The Swedish government recently published a report on priorities in health care. It was written by a cross party group of politicians and drew extensively on the views of the public, health professionals, experience of earlier local exercises in priority setting, and research based evidence. It laid down an ethical fr...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7032.691
更新日期:1996-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The studySheppard JP, Stevens S, Stevens R, Martin U, Mant J, Hobbs R, McManus R. Benefits and harms of antihypertensive treatment in low-risk patients with mild hypertension.Published on 1 December 2018 JAMA Intern Med 2018;178:1626-34.This project was funded by a grant from the National Institute for Health Research...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.l571
更新日期:2019-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6883.979
更新日期:1993-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::For many years Tayside has benefited from a successful opportunistic cytology screening programme. In recent years, however, the decrease in mortality due to cervical cancer has levelled off, with most cases of severe disease arising in women who have not been screened. In view of this the health board developed a new...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6692.163
更新日期:1989-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of cerebral thromboembolism in women using low dose oral contraceptives. DESIGN:A retrospective case-control study. SETTING:All Danish medical, neurological, neurosurgical, and gynaecological departments. SUBJECTS:All 794 women in Denmark aged 15-44 who had suffered a cerebral thromboemb...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6883.956
更新日期:1993-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::The right of consultants to study leave and expenses is not binding on trusts and has been eroded in directly managed units. Complaints led to a survey of consultants in North West Thames region. This showed that most consultants use their own time and money to maintain their knowledge by buying and consulting journal...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6889.1398
更新日期:1993-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of the revised diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus adopted by the American Diabetes Association on prevalence of diabetes and on classification of patients. For epidemiological purposes the American criteria use a fasting plasma glucose concentration >=7.0 mmol/l in contrast with ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7155.371
更新日期:1998-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify the extent of HIV infection and injecting drug use among female streetworking prostitutes in Glasgow; to estimate the size of the female streetworking prostitute population in the city; and to estimate the number of HIV positive women working as prostitutes on the streets in Glasgow. DESIGN:Obse...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6857.801
更新日期:1992-10-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify and estimate the population costs and effects of a selected set of enforcement strategies for reducing the burden of road traffic injuries in developing countries. DESIGN:Cost effectiveness analysis based on an epidemiological model. SETTING:Two epidemiologically defined World Health Organizatio...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e612
更新日期:2012-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the extent to which changes in diagnostic methods and classification are responsible for the striking increase in incidence of primary liver cancer in Denmark since 1943. DESIGN:Analysis of the time trends in sex specific, age standardised incidence of primary liver cancer and unspecified liver ca...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6774.437
更新日期:1991-02-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether screening Danish men aged 65 or more for abdominal aortic aneurysms reduces mortality. DESIGN:Single centre randomised controlled trial. SETTING:All five hospitals in Viborg County, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS:All 12,639 men born during 1921-33 and living in Viborg County. In 1994 we include...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.38369.620162.82
更新日期:2005-04-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the impact of a national primary care pay for performance scheme, the Quality and Outcomes Framework in England, on emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs). DESIGN:Controlled longitudinal study. SETTING:English National Health Service between 1998/99 and 20...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.g6423
更新日期:2014-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of pulmonary embolism, ischaemic stroke, and myocardial infarction associated with combined oral contraceptives according to dose of oestrogen (ethinylestradiol) and progestogen. DESIGN:Observational cohort study. SETTING:Data from the French national health insurance database linked with...
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pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.i2002
更新日期:2016-05-10 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the contribution of neuroleptic drugs to cognitive decline in dementia. DESIGN:Two year prospective, longitudinal study consisting of interviews every four months, with necropsy follow up. SETTING:Community settings in Oxfordshire. SUBJECTS:71 subjects with dementia, initially living at home...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7076.266
更新日期:1997-01-25 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To explore the hypothesis that different methods of selecting and printing information for cancer patients could improve emotional support by affecting interaction with others, and so lead to improved psychological wellbeing. DESIGN:Randomised trial with eight groups (three factors, 2x2x2). Data collected at...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2006-04-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.299.6704.892
更新日期:1989-10-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.f7661
更新日期:2014-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of severe psychological trauma --that is, post-traumatic stress disorder--in children involved in everyday road traffic accidents. DESIGN:12 month prospective study. SETTING:Accident and emergency department, Royal United Hospital, Bath. SUBJECTS:119 children aged 5-18 years inv...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7173.1619
更新日期:1998-12-12 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.38377.675440.8F
更新日期:2005-04-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To see whether the issue of AIDS has influenced the observed decline in blood donation in Scotland. DESIGN:Two methods: a quantitative survey using personal interviews based on a questionnaire and a qualitative survey based on group discussions. SETTING:Interviews based on the questionnaire were conducted i...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6679.1012
更新日期:1989-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of coexistent psychiatric morbidity on risk of suicide after a suicide attempt. DESIGN:Cohort study with follow-up for 21-31 years. SETTING:Swedish national register based study. PARTICIPANTS:39 685 people (53% women) admitted to hospital for attempted suicide during 1973-82. MAI...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.a2205
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect on general practitioners' prescribing of feedback on their levels of prescribing. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:General practice in rural Australia. PARTICIPANTS:2440 full time recognised general practitioners practising in non-urban areas. INTERVENTION:Two sets of gra...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7182.507
更新日期:1999-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::Objective To determine the attributable risk of community acquired pneumonia on incidence of heart failure throughout the age range of affected patients and severity of the infection.Design Cohort study.Setting Six hospitals and seven emergency departments in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2000-02.Participants 4988 adults...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.j413
更新日期:2017-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer, the most prevalent cancer in the Western world, is mainly caused by smoking. Nevertheless, only 20% of smokers develop lung cancer and while prevention is important, environmental factors are expected to contribute to the predicted rise in the incidence of lung cancer in the next 25 years. Survival of lun...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7081.652
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the waste of research related to inadequate methods in trials included in Cochrane reviews and to examine to what extent this waste could be avoided. A secondary objective was to perform a simulation study to re-estimate this avoidable waste if all trials were adequately reported. DESIGN:Methodolog...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.h809
更新日期:2015-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the effectiveness of post-diagnosis dementia treatment and coordination of care by memory clinics compared with general practitioners. DESIGN:Multicentre randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Nine memory clinics and 159 general practitioners in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS:175 patients with a ne...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.e3086
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00