Abstract:
:Translation initiation determines both the quantity and identity of the protein that is encoded in an mRNA by establishing the reading frame for protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, numerous translation initiation factors prepare ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis; however, the underlying dynamics of this process remain unclear1,2. A central question is how eukaryotic ribosomes transition from translation initiation to elongation. Here we use in vitro single-molecule fluorescence microscopy approaches in a purified yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae translation system to monitor directly, in real time, the pathways of late translation initiation and the transition to elongation. This transition was slower in our eukaryotic system than that reported for Escherichia coli3-5. The slow entry to elongation was defined by a long residence time of eukaryotic initiation factor 5B (eIF5B) on the 80S ribosome after the joining of individual ribosomal subunits-a process that is catalysed by this universally conserved initiation factor. Inhibition of the GTPase activity of eIF5B after the joining of ribosomal subunits prevented the dissociation of eIF5B from the 80S complex, thereby preventing elongation. Our findings illustrate how the dissociation of eIF5B serves as a kinetic checkpoint for the transition from initiation to elongation, and how its release may be governed by a change in the conformation of the ribosome complex that triggers GTP hydrolysis.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Wang J,Johnson AG,Lapointe CP,Choi J,Prabhakar A,Chen DH,Petrov AN,Puglisi JDdoi
10.1038/s41586-019-1561-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-01 00:00:00pages
605-608issue
7775eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-019-1561-0journal_volume
573pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Languages, like genes, provide vital clues about human history. The origin of the Indo-European language family is "the most intensively studied, yet still most recalcitrant, problem of historical linguistics". Numerous genetic studies of Indo-European origins have also produced inconclusive results. Here we analyse l...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02029
更新日期:2003-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::An emerging concept in the field of cancer biology is that a rare population of 'tumour stem cells' exists among the heterogeneous group of cells that constitute a tumour. This concept, best described with human leukaemia, indicates that stem cell function (whether normal or neoplastic) might be defined by a common se...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01572
更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07046-0
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hallmark of RNA silencing is a class of approximately 22-nucleotide RNAs that are processed from double-stranded RNA precursors by Dicer. Accurate processing by Dicer is crucial for the functionality of microRNAs (miRNAs). The current model posits that Dicer selects cleavage sites by measuring a set distance from th...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10198
更新日期:2011-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::One goal of regenerative medicine, to use stem cells to replace cells lost by injury or disease, depends on producing an excess of the relevant cell for study or transplantation. To this end, the stepwise differentiation of stem cells into specialized derivatives has been successful for some cell types, but a major pr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11463
更新日期:2012-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::P2Y receptors (P2YRs), a family of purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are activated by extracellular nucleotides. There are a total of eight distinct functional P2YRs expressed in human, which are subdivided into P2Y1-like receptors and P2Y12-like receptors. Their ligands are generally charged molecules w...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13083
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silbo Gomero is a whistled language that is a rare and endangered surrogate of Spanish, used by shepherds on the island of La Gomera in the Canary Islands for communication over long distances on difficult terrain. Here we show that areas of the brain normally associated with spoken-language function are also activate...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/433031a
更新日期:2005-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::Deuterostomes are a remarkably diverse super-phylum, including not only the chordates (to which we belong) but groups as disparate as the echinoderms and the hemichordates. The phylogeny of deuterostomes is now achieving some degree of stability, especially on account of new molecular data, but this leaves as conjectu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02648
更新日期:2004-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Transformation of the well-studied maize transposable elements into other plant species should enable transposon tagging methodology to be used for the isolation of interesting genes in the heterologous host. Here we describe the isolation of a transposon-tagged male sterile mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana using the ma...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/363715a0
更新日期:1993-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::While progress in fusion research continues with magnetic and inertial confinement, alternative approaches--such as Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters and ultrafast laser-plasma interactions--also provide insight into basic processes and technological applications. However, attempts to produce fusion in a room t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03575
更新日期:2005-04-28 00:00:00
abstract::The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nati...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature11148
更新日期:2012-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::The Tasmanian devil, a large carnivorous Australian marsupial, is under threat from a widespread fatal disease in which a malignant oral-facial tumour obstructs the animal's ability to feed. Here we show that the chromosomes in these tumours have undergone a complex rearrangement that is identical for every animal stu...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/439549a
更新日期:2006-02-02 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength that may serve as the cellular mechanisms of information storage in the vertebrate brain. The mossy fibre-CA3 synapse displays NMDA (M-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor-independent forms of LTP and LTD that were ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/381429a0
更新日期:1996-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::The highly conserved protein gamma-tubulin is required for microtubule nucleation in vivo. When viewed in the electron microscope, a highly purified gamma-tubulin complex from Xenopus consisting of at least seven different proteins is seen to have an open ring structure. This complex acts as an active microtubule-nucl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/378578a0
更新日期:1995-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Models and simulations of the epoch of reionization predict that spectra of the 21-centimetre transition of atomic hydrogen will show a clear fluctuation peak, at a redshift and scale, respectively, that mark the central stage of reionization and the characteristic size of ionized bubbles. This is based on the assumpt...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12999
更新日期:2014-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic nanoparticles exhibit size-dependent properties that are of interest for applications ranging from biosensing and catalysis to optics and data storage. They are readily available in a wide variety of discrete compositions and sizes. Shape-selective synthesis strategies now also yield shapes other than nanosp...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02020
更新日期:2003-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::How the brain selects appropriate sensory inputs and suppresses distractors is unknown. Given the well-established role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in executive function, its interactions with sensory cortical areas during attention have been hypothesized to control sensory selection. To test this idea and, more ge...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature15398
更新日期:2015-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::The engrailed gene product of Drosophila specifies the fate of a subset of cells in each segment. Our studies of engrailed regulation suggest that fate determination is an elaborate, multistep process. At the time in embryogenesis when the engrailed-dependent cell fate is probably determined, four modes of control act...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352404a0
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The four R-spondin secreted ligands (RSPO1-RSPO4) act via their cognate LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6 receptors to amplify WNT signalling1-3. Here we report an allelic series of recessive RSPO2 mutations in humans that cause tetra-amelia syndrome, which is characterized by lung aplasia and a total absence of the four limbs. Fun...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0118-y
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to abstract principles or rules from direct experience allows behaviour to extend beyond specific circumstances to general situations. For example, we learn the 'rules' for restaurant dining from specific experiences and can then apply them in new restaurants. The use of such rules is thought to depend on ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35082081
更新日期:2001-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::The most basic objection to human embryonic stem (ES) cell research is rooted in the fact that ES cell derivation deprives embryos of any further potential to develop into a complete human being. ES cell lines are conventionally isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and, in a few instances, from cleavage st...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04277
更新日期:2006-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly of multi-component supramolecular machines is fundamental to biology, yet in most cases, assembly pathways and their control are poorly understood. An example is the type III secretion machine, which mediates the transfer of bacterial virulence proteins into host cells. A central component of this nanomachine...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04822
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cells become dysfunctional when they encounter self antigens or are exposed to chronic infection or to the tumour microenvironment1. The function of T cells is tightly regulated by a combinational co-stimulatory signal, and dominance of negative co-stimulation results in T cell dysfunction2. However, the molecular m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0979-8
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In double-stranded-RNA (dsRNA) viruses found in animals, bacteria and yeast, the genome is transcribed within the structurally intact core of the virion with extraordinary efficiency. The structural organization of the genome and the enzymes involved in the transcription inside any of these viruses, critical for under...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/382471a0
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) promote the exchange of GDP for GTP in Ras GTPases, and thereby positively regulate their functions. Members of the Sec4/Ypt1/Rab branch of the Ras superfamily are essential for vesicular transport. A GEF for a subset of Rab proteins, termed mammalian suppressor of Sec4 (Mss4...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/376788a0
更新日期:1995-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Neural mechanisms that mediate the ability to make value-guided decisions have received substantial attention in humans and animals1-6. Experiments in animals typically involve long training periods. By contrast, choices in the real world often need to be made between new options spontaneously. It is therefore possibl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03115-5
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::T cells recognize foreign proteins as peptides bound to self molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The kinetics of interaction between purified class II MHC molecules and peptides is unusual, in that the rate of association is very slow, but once formed, the complexes are extremely stable. T...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/342800a0
更新日期:1989-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular lid suture during the sensitive period early in the life of a kitten disrupts normal development of inputs from the two eyes to the visual cortex, causing a decrease in the fraction of cortical cells responding to the deprived eye. Such an ocular dominance shift has been assumed to depend on patterned visual...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/324154a0
更新日期:1986-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::The TGFβ pathway has essential roles in embryonic development, organ homeostasis, tissue repair and disease. These diverse effects are mediated through the intracellular effectors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (hereafter SMAD2/3), whose canonical function is to control the activity of target genes by interacting with transcriptiona...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature25784
更新日期:2018-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Dynamin is a mechanochemical GTPase that oligomerizes around the neck of clathrin-coated pits and catalyses vesicle scission in a GTP-hydrolysis-dependent manner. The molecular details of oligomerization and the mechanism of the mechanochemical coupling are currently unknown. Here we present the crystal structure of h...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10369
更新日期:2011-09-18 00:00:00