Geographic distribution of risk ("Hotspots") for HIV, HCV, and drug overdose among persons who use drugs in New York City: the importance of local history.

Abstract:

AIMS:To identify geographic "hotspots" for potential transmission of HIV and HCV and for drug overdose among persons who use heroin and cocaine in New York City and to examine historical continuities in problem drug use hotspots in the city. METHODS:A total of 2714 study participants were recruited among persons entering Beth Israel substance use treatment programs. A structured questionnaire was administered and blood samples for HIV and HCV testing were collected. Hotspots for potential virus transmission were defined as ZIP codes with 10+ participants, 2+ persons infected with the virus and engaging in transmission behavior, and 2+ persons not infected and engaging in acquisition behavior. ZIP codes with 3+ persons with previous overdoses were considered potential hotspots for future overdoses. RESULTS:Participants resided in 166/178 (93%) of the ZIP codes in New York City. Injecting drug use was reported in 150/178 (84%) of the ZIP codes. No zip codes were identified for injecting-related HIV transmission, 5 zip codes were identified for sexual HIV transmission, 3 for HCV transmission, and 8 for drug overdose. Many of the ZIP code potential hotspots were in neighborhoods long associated with drug use: Lower Eastside and Harlem in Manhattan, the South Bronx, and Central Brooklyn. DISCUSSION:Heroin and cocaine use requiring treatment were reported from almost all ZIP codes in New York City, indicating needs for widely dispersed harm reduction services. Identified hotspots should be targeted for reducing sexual transmission of HIV, transmission of HCV, and drug overdoses. Some of the hotspots have persisted as problem drug use areas for 40 to over 100 years. Monitoring of drug use patterns in historical hotspot neighborhoods may permit early identification of and response to emerging drug use-related health problems. Persistent historical hotspots for problem drug use present a complex problem for implementing harm reduction services that deserve additional research.

journal_name

Harm Reduct J

journal_title

Harm reduction journal

authors

Des Jarlais DC,McKnight C,Arasteh K,Feelemyer J,Ross Z,Cooper HLF

doi

10.1186/s12954-019-0326-2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-09-02 00:00:00

pages

53

issue

1

issn

1477-7517

pii

10.1186/s12954-019-0326-2

journal_volume

16

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (ci...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-19

    authors: Sajid KM,Chaouachi K,Mahmood R

    更新日期:2008-05-24 00:00:00

  • Harm reduction and law enforcement in Vietnam: influences on street policing.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE:The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has from its start been concentrated among injecting drug users. Vietnam instituted the 2006 HIV/AIDS Law which includes comprehensive harm reduction measures, but these are unevenly accepted and inadequately implemented. Ward police are a major determinant of risk f...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-9-27

    authors: Jardine M,Crofts N,Monaghan G,Morrow M

    更新日期:2012-07-09 00:00:00

  • Self-care habits among people who inject drugs with skin and soft tissue infections: a qualitative analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Injection drug use is on the rise in the USA, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Due to structural barriers to care-seeking, many people who inject drugs avoid formal care and resort to self-care techniques, but little is kn...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0345-z

    authors: Gilbert AR,Hellman JL,Wilkes MS,Rees VW,Summers PJ

    更新日期:2019-12-12 00:00:00

  • Quantifying hepatitis C transmission risk using a new weighted scoring system for the Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ): applications for community-based HCV surveillance, education and prevention.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of drug-related morbidity and mortality, with incidence data implicating a wide range of HCV transmission risk practices. The Blood-Borne Virus Transmission Risk Assessment Questionnaire (BBV-TRAQ) is a content valid instrument that comprehensively assesses HCV ri...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-5-12

    authors: Stoové MA,Fry CL,Lintzeris N

    更新日期:2008-04-23 00:00:00

  • Prisoners should not be left behind in HCV research and policies.

    abstract::With a worldwide prevalence of 15.4%, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been estimated to be the most prevalent major infectious disease in prisons. The exceptionally high prevalence of HCV in prisons is attributable to common risk behaviors including sharing contaminated tattooing equipment and drug paraphernalia, as well ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 信件

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00379-y

    authors: Moazen B,Stöver H,Dolan K,Jahn A,Neuhann F

    更新日期:2020-05-24 00:00:00

  • Principles of condom provision programs in prisons from the standpoint of European prison health experts: a qualitative study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Condom provision is one of the most effective harm reduction interventions to control sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS and viral hepatitis in prisons. Yet, very few countries around the world provide prisoners with condoms. The present study aimed to elucidate principles of effective...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-021-00462-y

    authors: Moazen B,Mauti J,Meireles P,Černíková T,Neuhann F,Jahn A,Stöver H

    更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00

  • Opioid tolerance in methadone maintenance treatment: comparison of methadone and levomethadone in long-term treatment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This study aimed to investigate the development of opioid tolerance in patients receiving long-term methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS:A region-wide cross-sectional study was performed focusing on dosage and duration of treatment. Differences between racemic methadone and levomethadone were exam...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0095-0

    authors: Gutwinski S,Schoofs N,Stuke H,Riemer TG,Wiers CE,Bermpohl F

    更新日期:2016-02-16 00:00:00

  • Community-based HIV prevention research among substance-using women in survival sex work: the Maka Project Partnership.

    abstract::Substance-using women who exchange sex for money, drugs or shelter as a means of basic subsistence (ie. survival sex) have remained largely at the periphery of HIV and harm reduction policies and services across Canadian cities. This is notwithstanding global evidence of the multiple harms faced by this population, in...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-20

    authors: Shannon K,Bright V,Allinott S,Alexson D,Gibson K,Tyndall MW,Maka Project Partnership.

    更新日期:2007-12-08 00:00:00

  • Methodology for the Randomised Injecting Opioid Treatment Trial (RIOTT): evaluating injectable methadone and injectable heroin treatment versus optimised oral methadone treatment in the UK.

    abstract::Whilst unsupervised injectable methadone and diamorphine treatment has been part of the British treatment system for decades, the numbers receiving injectable opioid treatment (IOT) has been steadily diminishing in recent years. In contrast, there has been a recent expansion of supervised injectable diamorphine progra...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-28

    authors: Lintzeris N,Strang J,Metrebian N,Byford S,Hallam C,Lee S,Zador D,RIOTT Group.

    更新日期:2006-09-27 00:00:00

  • Pharmacological interventions in the treatment of the acute effects of cannabis: a systematic review of literature.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cannabis intoxication is related to a number of physical and mental health risks with ensuing social costs. However, little attention has been given to the investigation of possible pharmacological interactions in this condition. OBJECTIVE:To review the available scientific literature concerning pharmacolog...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-9-7

    authors: Crippa JA,Derenusson GN,Chagas MH,Atakan Z,Martín-Santos R,Zuardi AW,Hallak JE

    更新日期:2012-01-25 00:00:00

  • The impact of free trial acceptance on demand for alternative nicotine products: evidence from experimental auctions.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study explored the relationship between product trials and consumer demand for alternative nicotine products (ANP). METHODS:An experimental auction was conducted with 258 adult smokers, wherein participants were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The participants received the opp...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0052-3

    authors: Rousu MC,O'Connor RJ,Bansal-Travers M,Pitcavage JM,Thrasher JF

    更新日期:2015-06-11 00:00:00

  • Public attitudes towards gambling product harm and harm reduction strategies: an online study of 16-88 year olds in Victoria, Australia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Gambling has quickly emerged as an important global public health issue. With new technologies used to develop high intensity gambling products and promotions aimed at driving consumption, public health organisations and researchers, community groups, and politicians have argued for a range of regulatory and...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0173-y

    authors: Thomas SL,Randle M,Bestman A,Pitt H,Bowe SJ,Cowlishaw S,Daube M

    更新日期:2017-07-25 00:00:00

  • Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among prisoners in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major public health problems both in developed and developing countries. Prison represents a high-risk environment for prisoners, in that it is characterized by high-risk behaviors such as injecting drug use (IDU), tattooing, unprotected sexual intercourses, or sharing s...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0231-0

    authors: Behzadifar M,Gorji HA,Rezapour A,Bragazzi NL

    更新日期:2018-05-09 00:00:00

  • A qualitative exploration of travel-related risk behaviours of injection drug users from two Slovene regions.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:This qualitative study of travel-related risk behaviours of Slovene injection drug users was based on interviews with individuals enrolled in drug addiction treatment programmes run by three regional centres for prevention and treatment of drug addiction. The primary objective of the study was to analyse beh...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-8

    authors: Kostnapfel T,Svab I,Rotar DP

    更新日期:2011-04-17 00:00:00

  • Predictors of continued HIV-risk behaviors among drug users in methadone maintenance therapy program in China--a prospective study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:To examine the predictors of continued drug- and sex-related HIV-risk behaviors among drug users in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs in China. METHODS:We followed a sample of 5,035 drug users enrolled for the first time in MMT programs at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months utilizing a longitudina...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-10-23

    authors: Chen W,Xia Y,Hong Y,Hall BJ,Ling L

    更新日期:2013-10-10 00:00:00

  • Preventing opioid overdose with peer-administered naloxone: findings from a rural state.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In response to the opioid epidemic, naloxone distribution programs aim to prevent overdose death by making naloxone available and training people to use it. Peers of individuals at risk of opioid overdose are well-positioned to administer naloxone and prevent overdose death. METHODS:We conducted key informa...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-019-0352-0

    authors: Hanson BL,Porter RR,Zöld AL,Terhorst-Miller H

    更新日期:2020-01-09 00:00:00

  • Thwarting science by protecting the received wisdom on tobacco addiction from the scientific method.

    abstract:: In their commentary, Dar and Frenk call into question the validity of all published data that describe the onset of nicotine addiction. They argue that the data that describe the early onset of nicotine addiction is so different from the conventional wisdom that it is irrelevant. In this rebuttal, the author argues t...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-7-26

    authors: Difranza JR

    更新日期:2010-11-04 00:00:00

  • Exposure to HIV risks among young people who use drugs (YPUD) in three cities in Vietnam: time to develop targeted interventions.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study is to identify the profiles of young people who use drugs (YPUD) and their exposure to HIV risks in the 3 main cities of Vietnam, Haiphong, Hanoi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in order to design a community-based intervention to prevent HIV. METHODS:A survey using respondent-driven s...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00357-4

    authors: Michel L,Nguyen LT,Nguyen AK,Ekwaru JP,Laureillard D,Nagot N,Phan O,Khuat OTH

    更新日期:2020-02-24 00:00:00

  • Novel remote electronic medication supply model for opioid-dependent outpatients with polypharmacy--first long-term case study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with substance use disorders grow older thanks to effective treatments. Together with a high prevalence of comorbidities, psychological problems, and low social support, these patients are at high risk for medication non-adherence. Established treatment facilities face challenges to accommodate thes...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0182-x

    authors: Allemann SS,Dürsteler KM,Strasser J,Vogel M,Stoeckle M,Hersberger KE,Arnet I

    更新日期:2017-08-16 00:00:00

  • "Until people start dying in droves, no actions will be taken": perception and experience of HIV-preventive measures among people who inject drugs in northwestern Russia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Russia continues to spread. This exploratory study examines how HIV-prevention measures are perceived and experienced by PWID in the northwestern region of Russia. METHODS:Purposive sampling was used to obtain a variety of cases that could reflect pos...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0162-1

    authors: Meylakhs P,Aasland A,Grønningsæter A

    更新日期:2017-06-05 00:00:00

  • A cohort study evaluating the association between concurrent mental disorders, mortality, morbidity, and continuous treatment retention for patients in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) across Ontario, Canada, using administrative health data.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Due to the high prevalence of mental disorders among people with opioid use disorder, the objective of this study was to determine the association between concurrent mental disorders, mortality, morbidity, and continuous treatment retention for patients in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario, Canada. METHOD...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00396-x

    authors: Morin KA,Eibl JK,Gauthier G,Rush B,Mushquash C,Lightfoot NE,Marsh DC

    更新日期:2020-07-23 00:00:00

  • Does harm reduction programming make a difference in the lives of highly marginalized, at-risk drug users?

    abstract::Harm reduction is a controversial model for treating drug users, with little formal research available on its operation and effectiveness. In order to advance the field, we first conducted participatory research of harm reduction with 120 clients using nominal-group technique to develop culturally relevant outcomes to...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-1-7

    authors: Rogers SJ,Ruefli T

    更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00

  • Prescription opioid injection among young people who inject drugs in New York City: a mixed-methods description and associations with hepatitis C virus infection and overdose.

    abstract:AIM:Evidence is emerging that prescription opioid (PO) injection is associated with increased health risks. This mixed-methods study compares the mechanics of PO and heroin injection and examines the demographic and drug-related correlates of lifetime PO injection in a sample of young people who inject drugs (PWID) in ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00367-2

    authors: Mateu-Gelabert P,Guarino H,Zibbell JE,Teubl J,Fong C,Goodbody E,Edlin B,Salvati C,Friedman SR

    更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00

  • Harm reduction and "clean" community: can Viet Nam have both?

    abstract::The findings of our research show that while police play multiple roles in the fight against drug-related crime, they often perceived their tasks - especially preventing and controlling drug use on the one hand, and supporting harm reduction on the other - as contradictory, and this creates tensions in their work and ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-9-25

    authors: Khuat TH,Nguyen VA,Jardine M,Moore T,Bui TH,Crofts N

    更新日期:2012-07-09 00:00:00

  • A national model of remote care for assessing and providing opioid agonist treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Health services globally are struggling to manage the impact of COVID-19. The existing global disease burden related to opioid use is significant. Particularly challenging groups include older drug users who are more vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19. Increasing access to safe and effective opioid agonis...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00394-z

    authors: Crowley D,Delargy I

    更新日期:2020-07-17 00:00:00

  • Having a voice and saving lives: a qualitative survey on employment impacts of people with lived experience of drug use working in harm reduction.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Ongoing legal and social discrimination, and stigmatization of people with lived experience of drug use (PWLE) continues to contribute to overdose-related deaths in Canada. The involvement of PWLE working in harm reduction services has proven effective in decreasing drug-related harms among PWLE; however, th...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00453-5

    authors: People with Lived Expertise of Drug Use National Working Group.,Austin T,Boyd J

    更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00

  • Challenges and opportunities for implementation of substance misuse interventions in conflict-affected populations.

    abstract::Alcohol and other drug misuse are significant but neglected public health issues in conflict-affected populations. In this article, we review the literature on the challenges and strategies for implementing substance misuse treatment and prevention services in conflict and post-conflict settings in low- and middle-inc...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0267-1

    authors: Greene MC,Kane JC,Khoshnood K,Ventevogel P,Tol WA

    更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis C bio-behavioural surveys in people who inject drugs-a systematic review of sensitivity to the theoretical assumptions of respondent driven sampling.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:New, more effective and better-tolerated therapies for hepatitis C (HCV) have made the elimination of HCV a feasible objective. However, for this to be achieved, it is necessary to have a detailed understanding of HCV epidemiology in people who inject drugs (PWID). Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) can provid...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0172-z

    authors: Buchanan R,Khakoo SI,Coad J,Grellier L,Parkes J

    更新日期:2017-07-11 00:00:00

  • Smoking marijuana in public: the spatial and policy shift in New York City arrests, 1992-2003.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:During the 1990s, the New York Police Department (NYPD) greatly expanded arrests for smoking marijuana in public view (MPV). By 2000, MPV accounted for 15% of all arrests. The NYPD's supporters report this arrest activity is just part of quality-of-life (QOL) policing, which seeks to promote order in public ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-3-22

    authors: Golub A,Johnson BD,Dunlap E

    更新日期:2006-08-04 00:00:00

  • A review of HIV prevention among young injecting drug users: A guide for researchers.

    abstract::Young people aged 15-24 years account for fifty percent of all new AIDS cases worldwide. Moreover, half of all new HIV infections are associated with injection drug use. The average age for initiation into injecting drug use is 20 years of age. This paper investigates whether HIV prevention programs have reduced risk ...

    journal_title:Harm reduction journal

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1186/1477-7517-2-5

    authors: Dolan KA,Niven H

    更新日期:2005-03-17 00:00:00