Abstract：
:Radical lifespan disparities exist in the animal kingdom. While the ocean quahog can survive for half a millennium, the mayfly survives for less than 48 h. The evolutionary theories of aging seek to explain why such stark longevity differences exist and why a deleterious process like aging evolved. The classical mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma theories predict that increased extrinsic mortality should select for the evolution of shorter lifespans and vice versa. Most experimental and comparative field studies conform to this prediction. Indeed, animals with extreme longevity (e.g., Greenland shark, bowhead whale, giant tortoise, vestimentiferan tubeworms) typically experience minimal predation. However, data from guppies, nematodes, and computational models show that increased extrinsic mortality can sometimes lead to longer evolved lifespans. The existence of theoretically immortal animals that experience extrinsic mortality - like planarian flatworms, panther worms, and hydra - further challenges classical assumptions. Octopuses pose another puzzle by exhibiting short lifespans and an uncanny intelligence, the latter of which is often associated with longevity and reduced extrinsic mortality. The evolutionary response to extrinsic mortality is likely dependent on multiple interacting factors in the organism, population, and ecology, including food availability, population density, reproductive cost, age-mortality interactions, and the mortality source.
journal_name
Ageing Res Revjournal_title
Ageing research reviewsauthors
Johnson AA,Shokhirev MN,Shoshitaishvili Bdoi
10.1016/j.arr.2019.100947subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-11-01 00:00:00pages
100947eissn
1568-1637issn
1872-9649pii
S1568-1637(19)30132-1journal_volume
55pub_type
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Ageing research reviews
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