Abstract：
:While the feasibility of transpapillary drug delivery has previously been established, localized transport via the mammary ducts may be improved with tailored drug delivery formulations. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of nanoemulsion encapsulation on transpapillary delivery in vitro. Nanoemulsion formulations composed of isopropyl myristate and Tween 80 encapsulating a fluorescent dye were applied topically on porcine nipples using a Franz diffusion cell. A combination of dye extraction and fluorescence image analysis was used to quantify the total amount of dye retained within the nipple and to characterize the penetration routes. After diffusion for 6 hours, the amount of dye deposited in the nipple was proportional to the formulation's water concentration. The 90% water formulation deposited significantly more dye via both the stratum corneum and mammary ducts, while the 80% and 70% water formulations moderately increased ductal penetration, but minimally altered stratum corneum penetration as compared to the control solution. Similar trends were found after diffusion for 48 hours; however, the overall impact was diminished, likely due to the nanoemulsion's topical instability. This study indicates that drug delivery vehicles, nanoemulsions specifically, enhance delivery of encapsulated molecules via the stratum corneum and mammary ducts in a formulation-dependent basis.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Kurtz SL,Lawson LBdoi
10.1038/s41598-019-48144-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-14 00:00:00pages
11810issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-019-48144-xjournal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We aimed to explore the effects of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypoglycemic therapy on the salivary microbiome in periodontitis patients and identify the potential salivary micro-biomarker for the early warning of T2DM. Saliva samples were collected from healthy individuals (Health), periodontitis patients (P)...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-72035-1
更新日期：2020-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Generating various laser sources is important in the communication systems. We propose an approach that uses a mechanical resonator coupled with the optical fibre system to produce periodic and chaotic optical signals. The resonator is structured in such a way that the nonlinear oscillation occurs conveniently. The me...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-05020-w
更新日期：2017-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep46290. ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi：10.1038/srep46823
更新日期：2017-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Anticarsia gemmatalis (velvetbean caterpillar) and Chrysodeixis includens (soybean looper) are two important defoliation pests of soybeans. In the present study, we have investigated the susceptibility and brush border membrane-binding properties of both species to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ea toxin. Bioassays perfor...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-54850-3
更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:In theory, a few naturally occurring evolutionary changes in the genome of a model organism may have little or no observable impact on its wild type phenotype, and yet still substantially impact the phenotypes of mutant strains through epistasis. To see if this is happening in a model organism, we obtained nine differ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the cleanest, most efficient, and cost-effective option for direct conversion to electricity of a wide variety of fuels. While significant progress has been made in anode materials with enhanced tolerance to coking and contaminant poisoning, cathodic polarization still contributes con...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-42005-3
更新日期：2019-04-04 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-06-16 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-79501-w
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-03061-9
更新日期：2017-06-08 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep19618
更新日期：2016-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Several dietary factors have been suspected to play a role in the development of advanced islet autoimmunity (IA) and/or type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the evidence is fragmentary. A prospective population-based cohort of 6081 Finnish newborn infants with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to T1D was followed up to 15 year...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-44196-1
更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-14161-x
更新日期：2017-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the innate immune response to vaccination is critical in vaccine design. Here, we studied blood innate myeloid cells after first and second immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara. The inflammation at the injection site was moderate and resolved faster after the boost....
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-21222-2
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep34944
更新日期：2016-10-11 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-29011-7
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-38165-3
更新日期：2019-02-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacotherapy provision based on Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) status (slow/normal metabolism) may improve smoking cessation rates. However, it is unclear whether NMR status is consistent across patient characteristics and current treatment choice. Data come from 1,826 participants attending Stop Smoking Services ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-12-14 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep43367
更新日期：2017-03-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-017-10485-w
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2017-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:E5 proteins are amongst the least understood of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) encoded gene products. They are small, membrane-integrated proteins known to modulate a number of critical host pathways associated with pathogenesis including growth factor receptor signaling and immune evasion. Their role in the virus lif...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep12523
更新日期：2015-08-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-05-18 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-78041-7
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the observation of a large linear magnetoresistance in the ohmic regime in commonplace commercial n-type silicon wafer with a P dopant density of (1.4±0.1) ×10(15) cm(-3), and report measurements of it in the temperature range 30-200 K. It arises from the deformation of current paths, which causes a part of ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/srep00565
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the chemical mechanical polishing process of semiconductor manufacturing, the concentration of 'large' particles ([Formula: see text]0.5 μm) in the slurry, which is considerably larger in size than the main abrasives ([Formula: see text] 0.1 μm), is a critical parameter that strongly influences manufacturing defect...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-020-71768-3
更新日期：2020-09-07 00:00:00
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journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-018-25679-z
更新日期：2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The predictions for a warmer and drier climate and for increased likelihood of climate extremes raise high concerns about the possible collapse of dryland ecosystems, and about the formation of new drylands where native species are less tolerant to water stress. Using a dryland-vegetation model for plant species that ...
journal_title：Scientific reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41598-019-56080-z
更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00
