Phobos LIFE (Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment).

abstract：:The Hayabusa2 mission successfully collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu last year and will return these to Earth in December 2020. It is anticipated that the samples will enable the analysis of terrestrially uncontaminated organic matter and minerals. Such analyses are in turn expected to elucidate the evolution ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Potiszil C,Tanaka R,Kobayashi K,Kunihiro T,Nakamura E

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major discrepancies have been noted for some time between fossil ages and molecular divergence dates for a variety of taxa. Recently, systematic trends within avian clades have been uncovered. The trends show that the disparity is much larger for mitochondrial DNA than for nuclear DNA, also that it is larger for crown...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Melott AL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a summary of the physical principles and design of the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) instrument onboard NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The DAN instrument will use the method of neutron-neutron activation analysis in a space application to study the abundance and depth distribution of ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Litvak ML,Mitrofanov IG,Barmakov YN,Behar A,Bitulev A,Bobrovnitsky Y,Bogolubov EP,Boynton WV,Bragin SI,Churin S,Grebennikov AS,Konovalov A,Kozyrev AS,Kurdumov IG,Krylov A,Kuznetsov YP,Malakhov AV,Mokrousov MI,Ryzhkov

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water, vital for life, not only maintains the integrity of structural and metabolic biomolecules, it also transports them in solution or colloidal suspension. Any flow of water through a dormant or fossilized microbial community elutes molecules that are potentially recognizable as biomarkers. We hypothesize that the ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Wynn-Williams DD,Cabrol NA,Grin EA,Haberle RM,Stoker CR

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Equilibrium adsorption isotherm data for the purine base adenine has been obtained on several prebiotically relevant minerals by frontal analysis using water as a mobile phase. Adenine is far displaced toward adsorption on pyrite (FeS2), quartz (SiO2), and pyrrhotite (FeS), but somewhat less for magnetite (Fe3O4) and ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cohn CA,Hansson TK,Larsson HS,Sowerby SJ,Holm NG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, studies have shown that there are many similarities between comets and asteroids. In some cases, it cannot even be determined to which of these groups an object belongs. This is especially true for objects found beyond the main asteroid belt. Because of the lack of comet fragments, more progress has b...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Bosiek K,Hausmann M,Hildenbrand G

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meaningful motion is an unambiguous biosignature, but because life in the Solar System is most likely to be microbial, the question is whether such motion may be detected effectively on the micrometer scale. Recent results on microbial motility in various Earth environments have provided insight into the physics and b...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Nadeau J,Lindensmith C,Deming JW,Fernandez VI,Stocker R

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thermal springs Trollosen and Fisosen, located on the High Arctic archipelago Svalbard, discharge saline groundwaters rich in hydrogen sulfide and ammonium through a thick layer of permafrost. Large amounts of biomass that consist of filamentous microorganisms containing sulfur granules, as analyzed with energy di...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Reigstad LJ,Jorgensen SL,Lauritzen SE,Schleper C,Urich T

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron ox...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parenteau MN,Jahnke LL,Farmer JD,Cady SL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rover missions to the rocky bodies of the Solar System and especially to Mars require lightweight, portable instruments that use minimal power, require no sample preparation, and provide suitably diagnostic mineralogical information to an Earth-based exploration team. Short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopic instrumen...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Brown A,Walter M,Cudahy T

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosynthesis on Earth can occur in a diversity of organisms in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of 10 nmol of photons m(-2) s(-1) to 8 mmol of photons m(-2) s(-1). Similar considerations would probably apply to photosynthetic organisms on Earth-like planets (ELPs) in the continuously habitable zon...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Raven JA,Cockell CS

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent measurements of methane (CH4) by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) now confront us with robust data that demand interpretation. Thus far, the MSL data have revealed a baseline level of CH4 (∼0.4 parts per billion by volume [ppbv]), with seasonal variations, as well as greatly enhanced spikes of CH4 with peak ab...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Yung YL,Chen P,Nealson K,Atreya S,Beckett P,Blank JG,Ehlmann B,Eiler J,Etiope G,Ferry JG,Forget F,Gao P,Hu R,Kleinböhl A,Klusman R,Lefèvre F,Miller C,Mischna M,Mumma M,Newman S,Oehler D,Okumura M,Oremland R,

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:The search for indisputable traces of life in Archean cherts is of prime importance. However, their great age and metamorphic history pose constraints on the study of molecular biomarkers. We propose a quantitative criterion to document the thermal maturity of organic matter in rocks in general, and Archean ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Delarue F,Rouzaud JN,Derenne S,Bourbin M,Westall F,Kremer B,Sugitani K,Deldicque D,Robert F

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To the astrobiologist, Enceladus offers easy access to a potential subsurface biosphere via the intermediacy of a plume of water emerging directly into space. A direct question follows: If we were to collect a sample of this plume, what in that sample, through its presence or its absence, would suggest the presence an...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Benner SA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stromatolite structures in Early Archean carbonate deposits form an important clue for the existence of life in the earliest part of Earth's history. Since Mars is thought to have had similar environmental conditions early in its history, the question arises as to whether such stromatolite structures also evolved ther...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Rividi N,van Zuilen M,Philippot P,Ménez B,Godard G,Poidatz E

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligonucleotides are structurally similar to short RNA strands. Therefore, their formation via non-enzymatic reactions is highly relevant to Gilbert's RNA world scenario (1986) and the origin of life. In laboratory synthesis of oligonucleotides from monomers, it is necessary to remove the water molecules from the reac...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ertem G,Hazen RM,Dworkin JP

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Terrestrial moons with masses >0.1 M (symbol in text) possibly exist around extrasolar giant planets, and here we consider the energetics of how they might form. Binary-exchange capture can occur if a binary-terrestrial object (BTO) is tidally disrupted during a close encounter with a giant planet and one of the binar...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Williams DM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We critically investigate some evolutionary aspects of the famous Drake equation, which is usually presented as the central guide for research on extraterrestrial intelligence. It is shown that the Drake equation tacitly relies on unverified assumptions on both the physicochemical history of our galaxy and the propert...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cirković MM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Granitoids are silicic rocks that make up the majority of the continental crust, but different models arise for the origins of these rocks. One classification scheme defines different granitoid types on the basis of materials involved in the melting/crystallization process. In this end-member case, granitoids may be d...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Trail D,Tailby ND,Sochko M,Ackerson MR

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Léger A,Fontecave M,Labeyrie A,Samuel B,Demangeon O,Valencia D

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate a new mechanism for producing oxidants, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), on Mars. Large-scale electrostatic fields generated by charged sand and dust in the martian dust devils and storms, as well as during normal saltation, can induce chemical changes near and above the surface of Mars. The most dr...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Atreya SK,Wong AS,Renno NO,Farrell WM,Delory GT,Sentman DD,Cummer SA,Marshall JR,Rafkin SC,Catling DC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the impact of active M dwarf stars on the atmospheric equilibrium and surface conditions of a habitable zone Earth-like planet is key to assessing M dwarf planet habitability. Previous modeling of the impact of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and protons from a single large flare on an Earth-like atmosphe...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Tilley MA,Segura A,Meadows V,Hawley S,Davenport J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Remote sensing data are abundant, whereas surface in situ verification of atmospheric conditions is rare on Mars. Earth-based analogs could help gain an understanding of soil and atmospheric processes on Mars and refine existing models. In this work, we evaluate the applicability of the Weather Research and Forecastin...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Breuer H,Berényi A,Mari L,Nagy B,Szalai Z,Tordai Á,Weidinger T

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of microtubules in volcanic glass from subsurface environments has been widely attributed to in situ activity of micro-organisms, but evidence directly linking those structures to biological processes remains lacking. Investigations into the alternative possibility of abiotic tubule formation have been limit...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： McCollom TM,Donaldson C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsis sp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere and was recovered in Kazakhstan. The heat of entry ablated and heated the rock to a temperature well above the uppe...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cockell CS,Brack A,Wynn-Williams DD,Baglioni P,Brandstätter F,Demets R,Edwards HG,Gronstal AL,Kurat G,Lee P,Osinski GR,Pearce DA,Pillinger JM,Roten CA,Sancisi-Frey S

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cloud layer has been hypothesized to be the most habitable region of Venus. In the lower clouds, both temperature and pressure fall within bounds that support reproduction of microbial life on Earth, although the water activity of the sulfuric acid cloud droplets makes the clouds uninhabitable to known life. In th...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cockell CS,Higgins PM,Johnstone AA

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Ther...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Noblet A,Stalport F,Guan YY,Poch O,Coll P,Szopa C,Cloix M,Macari F,Raulin F,Chaput D,Cottin H

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mars Program Plan includes an integrated and coordinated set of future candidate missions and investigations that meet fundamental science objectives of NASA and the Mars Exploration Program (MEP). At the time this paper was written, these possible future missions are planned in a manner consistent with a projecte...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Beegle LW,Wilson MG,Abilleira F,Jordan JF,Wilson GR

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the next two decades, NASA and ESA are planning a series of space-based observatories to find Earth-like planets and determine whether life exists on these planets. Previous studies have assessed the likelihood of detecting life through signs of biogenic gases in the atmosphere or a red edge. Biogenic gases and t...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Doughty CE,Wolf A

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several observations indicate that the cloud deck of the venusian atmosphere may provide a plausible refuge for microbial life. Having originated in a hot proto-ocean or been brought in by meteorites from Earth (or Mars), early life on Venus could have adapted to a dry, acidic atmospheric niche as the warming planet l...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Schulze-Makuch D,Grinspoon DH,Abbas O,Irwin LN,Bullock MA

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00