Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Smoking and tobacco use continue to be the largest preventable causes of death globally. A novel therapeutic approach has recently been proposed: administration of an enzyme that degrades nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco, minimizing brain exposure and reducing its reinforcing effects. Pre-clinical proof of concept has been previously established through dosing the amine oxidase NicA2 from Pseudomonas putida in rat nicotine self-administration models of addiction. RESULTS:This paper describes efforts towards optimizing NicA2 for potential therapeutic use: enhancing potency, improving its pharmacokinetic profile, and attenuating immunogenicity. Libraries randomizing residues located in all 22 active site positions of NicA2 were screened. 58 single mutations with 2- to 19-fold enhanced catalytic activity compared to wt at 10 μM nicotine were identified. A novel nicotine biosensor assay allowed efficient screening of the many primary hits for activity at nicotine concentrations typically found in smokers. 10 mutants with improved activity in rat serum at or below 250 nM were identified. These catalytic improvements translated to increased potency in vivo in the form of further lowering of nicotine blood levels and nicotine accumulation in the brains of Sprague-Dawley rats. Examination of the X-ray crystal structure suggests that these mutants may accelerate the rate limiting re-oxidation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor by enhancing molecular oxygen's access. PEGylation of NicA2 led to prolonged serum half-life and lowered immunogenicity observed in a human HLA DR4 transgenic mouse model, without impacting nicotine degrading activity. CONCLUSIONS:Systematic mutational analysis of the active site of the nicotine-degrading enzyme NicA2 has yielded 10 variants that increase the catalytic activity and its effects on nicotine distribution in vivo at nicotine plasma concentrations found in smokers. In addition, PEGylation substantially increases circulating half-life and reduces the enzyme's immunogenic potential. Taken together, these results provide a viable path towards generation of a drug candidate suitable for human therapeutic use in treating nicotine addiction.
journal_name
BMC Biotechnoljournal_title
BMC biotechnologyauthors
Thisted T,Biesova Z,Walmacq C,Stone E,Rodnick-Smith M,Ahmed SS,Horrigan SK,Van Engelen B,Reed C,Kalnik MWdoi
10.1186/s12896-019-0551-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-02 00:00:00pages
56issue
1issn
1472-6750pii
10.1186/s12896-019-0551-5journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Advances in optical imaging modalities and the continued evolution of genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins are coming together to facilitate the study of cell behavior at high resolution in living organisms. As a result, imaging using autofluorescent protein reporters is gaining popularity in mouse trans...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-4-33
更新日期:2004-12-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are significant differences in the culture conditions between small-scale screenings and large-scale fermentation processes. Production processes are usually conducted in fed-batch cultivation mode with active pH-monitoring and control. In contrast, screening experiments in shake flasks are usually con...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-11-25
更新日期:2011-03-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is an imperative necessity for alternative sources of energy able to reduce the world dependence of fossil oil. One of the most successful options is ethanol obtained mainly from sugarcane and corn fermentation. The foremost residue from sugarcane industry is the bagasse, a rich lignocellulosic raw mat...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-94
更新日期:2013-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) induces super-ovulation in laboratory animals. Notwithstanding its extensive usage, limited information is available regarding the differences between the in vivo effects of natural eCG (N-eCG) and recombinant eCG (R-eCG). This study aimed to investigate the gene expressio...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-020-00653-8
更新日期:2020-11-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shark heavy chain antibody, also called new antigen receptor (NAR), consists of one single Variable domain (VH), containing only two complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). The antigen binding affinity and specificity are mainly determined by these two CDRs. The good solubility, excellent thermal stabili...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-7-78
更新日期:2007-11-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Expression vector engineering technology is one of the most convenient and timely method for cell line development to meet the rising demand of novel production cell line with high productivity. Destabilization of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) selection marker by addition of AU-rich elements and murine orni...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-015-0145-9
更新日期:2015-06-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The detection of unknown mutations is important in research and medicine. For this purpose, a mismatch-specific endonuclease CEL I from celery has been established as a useful tool in high throughput projects. Previously, CEL I-like activities were described only in a variety of plants and could not be expre...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-7-29
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cattle ticks, Boophilus spp., affect cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. The recombinant B. microplus Bm86 protective antigen has been shown to protect cattle against tick i...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-9-29
更新日期:2009-03-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-46
更新日期:2012-08-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Insect resistance in crops represents a main challenge for agriculture. Transgenic approaches based on proteins displaying insect resistance properties are widely used as efficient breeding strategies. To extend the spectrum of targeted pathogens and overtake the development of resistance, molecular evolutio...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-019-0507-9
更新日期:2019-03-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ability to produce the same recombinant protein in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells offers many experimental opportunities. However, the cloning of the same gene into multiple plasmids is required, which is time consuming, laborious and still may not produce soluble, stable protein in sufficient qua...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-54
更新日期:2012-08-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-10-78
更新日期:2010-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plants are increasingly being examined as alternative recombinant protein expression systems. Recombinant protein expression levels in plants from Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vectors are much higher than those possible from plant promoters. However the common TMV expression vectors are costly, and at ti...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-7-52
更新日期:2007-08-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Interest in using plants for production of recombinant proteins such as monoclonal antibodies is growing, but proteolytic degradation, leading to a loss of functionality and complications in downstream purification, is still a serious problem. RESULTS:In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the assem...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-11-128
更新日期:2011-12-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0400-3
更新日期:2017-11-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-14-80
更新日期:2014-09-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-1-11
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-11-62
更新日期:2011-06-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-11-2
更新日期:2011-01-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-2-7
更新日期:2002-04-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
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更新日期:2016-01-22 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
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doi:10.1186/1472-6750-10-50
更新日期:2010-07-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-12-16 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-77
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-019-0590-y
更新日期:2019-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful and versatile tool for crop genome editing. However, achieving highly efficient and specific editing in polyploid species can be a challenge. The efficiency and specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system depends critically on the gRNA used. Here, we assessed the activities and...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-019-0565-z
更新日期:2019-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding and manipulating gene function in physiological conditions is a major objective for both fundamental and applied research. In contrast to other experimental settings, which use either purely genetic or gene delivery (viral or non-viral) strategies, we report here a strategy based on direct prot...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-9-40
更新日期:2009-04-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacterial degradation/transformation of steroids is widely investigated to create biotechnologically relevant strains for industrial application. The strain of Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D is well known mainly for its superior 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase activity towards various 3-oxosteroids and oth...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12896-021-00668-9
更新日期:2021-01-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-78
更新日期:2012-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ketoisovalerate reductase (EC 1.2.7.7 ) is required for the formation of beauvericin via the nonribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the NADPH-specific reduction of ketoisovaleric acid to hydroxyisovalerate. However, little is known about the bioinformatics' data about the 2-Ki...
journal_title:BMC biotechnology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1472-6750-12-55
更新日期:2012-08-23 00:00:00