Neuron-Glia Signaling in Synapse Elimination.

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, yet the underlying causative molecular mechanisms are ill defined. Numerous observations based on drug studies and mutations in genes that cause PD point to a complex set of rather subtle mitochondrial defects that may be causative. Indeed, intensive inve...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Haelterman NA,Yoon WH,Sandoval H,Jaiswal M,Shulman JM,Bellen HJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One goal of systems neuroscience is a structure-function model of nervous system organization that would allow mechanistic linking of mind, brain, and behavior. A necessary but not sufficient foundation is a connectome, a complete matrix of structural connections between the nodes of a nervous system. Connections betw...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Swanson LW,Lichtman JW

更新日期：2016-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmicity is a universal timing mechanism in the brain, and the rhythmogenic mechanisms are generally dynamic. This is illustrated for the neuronal control of breathing, a behavior that occurs as a one-, two-, or three-phase rhythm. Each breath is assembled stochastically, and increasing evidence suggests that each ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Ramirez JM,Baertsch NA

更新日期：2018-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Why the cerebral cortex folds in some mammals but not in others has long fascinated and mystified neurobiologists. Over the past century-especially the past decade-researchers have used theory and experiment to support different folding mechanisms such as tissue buckling from mechanical stress, axon tethering, localiz...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Striedter GF,Srinivasan S,Monuki ES

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Cortical interneurons display striking differences in shape, physiology, and other attributes, challenging us to appropriately classify them. We previously suggested that interneuron types should be defined by their role in cortical processing. Here, we revisit the question of how to codify their diversity based upon ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Fishell G,Kepecs A

更新日期：2020-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the role of the extended macrophage/monocyte family in the central nervous system during HIV or SIV infection. The accumulated data, buttressed by recent experimental results, suggest that these cells play a central, pathogenic role in retroviral-associated CNS disease. While the immune system i...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Williams KC,Hickey WF

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammals can discriminate among a large number (> 10,000) of unique odorants. The most highly supported explanation for this ability is that olfactory neurons express a large number of seven transmembrane receptors that are not spatially organized at the level of the olfactory epithelium, but whose axonal projections f...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Gibson AD,Garbers DL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The defining neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease are abundant filamentous tau lesions and deposits of fibrillar amyloid beta peptides. Prominent filamentous tau inclusions and brain degeneration in the absence of beta-amyloid deposits are also hallmarks of neurodegenerative tauopathies exemplified...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Lee VM,Goedert M,Trojanowski JQ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The topographic assembly of neural circuits is dependent upon the generation of specific neuronal subtypes, each subtype displaying unique properties that direct the formation of selective connections with appropriate target cells. Studies of motor neuron development in the spinal cord have begun to elucidate the mole...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Shirasaki R,Pfaff SL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteomic studies of the composition of mammalian synapses have revealed a high degree of complexity. The postsynaptic and presynaptic terminals are molecular systems with highly organized protein networks producing emergent physiological and behavioral properties. The major classes of synapse proteins and their respe...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Emes RD,Grant SG

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of distinct classes of neurons at defined positions within the developing vertebrate nervous system depends on inductive signals provided by local cell groups that act as organizing centers. Genetic and embryological studies have begun to elucidate the processes that control the pattern and identity of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Lee KJ,Jessell TM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Medications, psychotherapy, and other treatments are effective for many patients with psychiatric disorders. However, with currently available interventions, a substantial number of patients experience incomplete resolution of symptoms, and relapse rates are high. In the search for better treatments, increasing intere...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Holtzheimer PE,Mayberg HS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal behavior was classically considered to be determined exclusively by neuronal activity, whereas surrounding glial cells such as astrocytes played only supportive roles. However, astrocytes are as numerous as neurons in the mammalian brain, and current findings indicate a chemically based dialog between astrocyte...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Kofuji P,Araque A

更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs). In the late embryonic and early postnatal period, these cells respond to inducing factors found in the brain environment by adopting a set of defined characteristics, including high-electrical-resistance tight junctions. Although the f...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Rubin LL,Staddon JM

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential mediators of signal transduction, neurotransmission, ion channel regulation, and other cellular events. GPCRs are activated by diverse stimuli, including light, enzymatic processing of their N-termini, and binding of proteins, peptides, or small molecules such as neuro...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Palczewski K,Orban T

更新日期：2013-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral endocrine output relies on either direct or feed-forward multi-order command from the hypothalamus. Efficient coding of endocrine responses is made possible by the many neuronal cell types that coexist in intercalated hypothalamic nuclei and communicate through extensive synaptic connectivity. Although gene...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Romanov RA,Alpár A,Hökfelt T,Harkany T

更新日期：2019-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in over 70 genes now define biological pathways leading to epilepsy, an episodic dysrhythmia of the cerebral cortex marked by abnormal network synchronization. Some of the inherited errors destabilize neuronal signaling by inflicting primary disorders of membrane excitability and synaptic transmission, where...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Noebels JL

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) requires the proper formation of exquisitely precise circuits to function correctly. These neuronal circuits are assembled during development by the formation of synaptic connections between thousands of differentiating neurons. Proper synapse formation during childhood provi...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： McAllister AK

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural network modeling is often concerned with stimulus-driven responses, but most of the activity in the brain is internally generated. Here, we review network models of internally generated activity, focusing on three types of network dynamics: (a) sustained responses to transient stimuli, which provide a model of ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Vogels TP,Rajan K,Abbott LF

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many ion channels and receptors display striking phenotypes for gain-of-function mutations but milder phenotypes for null mutations. Gain of molecular function can have several mechanistic bases: selectivity changes, gating changes including constitutive activation and slowed inactivation, elimination of a subunit tha...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Lester HA,Karschin A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) is arguably one of the most complex systems in the universe. To understand the CNS, scientists have investigated a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, and various small molecules. However, one large class of molecules, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), has been relatively unexplor...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Cao X,Yeo G,Muotri AR,Kuwabara T,Gage FH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extensive electrophysiological experiments on Aplysia neurons have resulted in an understanding of simple behaviors in terms of the activities of a single identified neurons. Beginning with the work of Kupfermann & Kandel, neuropeptides in Aplysia have become increasingly implicated as chemical agents that control or ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Kaldany RR,Nambu JR,Scheller RH

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is incompletely understood, the recent discovery of genes associated with rare monogenic forms of the disease, together with e...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Moore DJ,West AB,Dawson VL,Dawson TM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tragedy of epilepsy emerges from the combination of its high prevalence, impact upon sufferers and their families, and unpredictability. Childhood epilepsies are frequently severe, presenting in infancy with pharmaco-resistant seizures; are often accompanied by debilitating neuropsychiatric and systemic comorbidit...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Howard MA,Baraban SC

更新日期：2017-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists in many different fields have been attracted to the study of habits because of the power habits have over behavior and because they invoke a dichotomy between the conscious, voluntary control over behavior, considered the essence of higher-order deliberative behavioral control, and lower-order behavioral co...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Graybiel AM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons and synapses display a rich range of time-dependent processes. Which of these are critical to understanding specific integrative functions in the brain? Computational methods of various kinds are used to understand how systems of neurons interact to produce behavior. However, these models often assume that neu...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Marder E

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain, which represents 2% of body mass but consumes 20% of body energy at rest, has a limited capacity to store energy and is therefore highly dependent on oxygen and glucose supply from the blood stream. Normal functioning of neural circuits thus relies on adequate matching between metabolic needs and blood supp...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Andreone BJ,Lacoste B,Gu C

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten years of remarkable progress in understanding the fundamental biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease have been followed by ten years of remarkable and increasing clinical insight into the natural progression of the disorder. The concept of a long, intermediary, prodromal phase between the first appearance of amyloid ...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Sala Frigerio C,De Strooper B

更新日期：2016-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm, so they require transport into secretory vesicles for regulated exocytotic release. Previous work has identified distinct vesicular transport activities for the different classical transmitters, and all depend on the H+-electrochemical gradient across the v...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Liu Y,Edwards RH

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, I discuss current knowledge and outstanding questions on the neuromodulators that influence aggressive behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. I first present evidence that Drosophila exchange information during an agonistic interaction and choose appropriate actions based on this informatio...

journal_title：Annual review of neuroscience

authors： Asahina K

更新日期：2017-07-25 00:00:00