Abstract:
:Biochar is a promising soil additive for use in support of sustainable crop production. However, the high level of heterogeneity in biochar properties and the variations in soil composition present significant challenges to the successful uptake of biochar technologies in diverse agricultural soils. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to biochar-soil interactions is required to address issues related to climate change and cultivation practices. This review summarizes biochar modification approaches (physical, chemical, and biochar-based organic composites) and discusses the potential role of biochar in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency, including the degradation of soil organic matter, the improvement of soil quality, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar design is crucial to successful soil remediation, particularly with regard to issues arising from soil structure and composition related to crop production. Given the wide variety of feedstocks for biochar production and the resultant high surface heterogeneity, greater efforts are required to optimize biochar surface functionality and porosity through appropriate modifications. The design and establishment of these approaches and methods are essential for the future utilization of biochar as an effective soil additive to promote sustainable crop production.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Jiang Z,Lian F,Wang Z,Xing Bdoi
10.1093/jxb/erz301subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-07 00:00:00pages
520-542issue
2eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
5522352journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The hypersensitive response (HR) is one mechanism of the resistance of plants to pathogen infection. It involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have crucial roles in signal transduction or as toxic agents leading to cell death. Often, ROS generation is accompanied by an ultraweak photon emission...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl215
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transition to flowering is known to be regulated by numerous interacting endogenous and environmental cues, of which brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of polyhydroxylated steroid phytohormones, appear to be linked to the regulation of flowering time. In Arabidopsis, BR biosynthetic det2 mutants exhibited delayed flo...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq241
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate the phytohormonal basis of the feedback regulation of leaf senescence induced by potassium (K) deficiency in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), two cultivars contrasting in sensitivity to K deficiency were self- and reciprocally grafted hypocotyl-to-hypocotyl, using standard grafting (one scion grafted onto ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers238
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plastid-to-nucleus retrograde signaling plays an important role in regulating the expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) in accordance with physiological demands on chloroplast biogenesis and function. Despite its fundamental importance, little is known about the molecular nature of the plastid...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erv525
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil compaction is a serious global problem, and is a major cause of inadequate rooting and poor yield in crops around the world. Root system architecture (RSA) describes the spatial arrangement of root components within the soil and determines the plant's exploration of the soil. Soil strength restricts root growth a...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz383
更新日期:2019-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Heavy metal pollution often occurs together with organic contaminants. Brassinosteroids (BRs) induce plant tolerance to several abiotic stresses, including phenanthrene (PHE) and cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the role of BRs in PHE+Cd co-contamination-induced stress amelioration is unknown. Here, the interactive effec...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers323
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transition from reversible to permanent wilting, in whole tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. M82) following severe salt-stress by root exposure to 300 mM NaCl, was investigated. Salinized seedlings wilted rapidly but recovered if returned to non-saline nutrient solution within 6 h. However, after ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.364.2207
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway in Hevea brasiliensis latex is the conventionally accepted pathway which provides isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) for cis-polyisoprene (rubber) biosynthesis. However, the plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway may be an alternative source of IPP since its more ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err363
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive capacity of long-lived organisms such as trees to the predicted climate changes, including severe and successive drought episodes, will depend on the presence of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in phenotypic plasticity toward soil water availabil...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx409
更新日期:2018-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Phytocystatins are inhibitors of cysteine proteinases from plants putatively involved in defence and as endogenous regulators of protein turnover. Seven genes encoding cystatins (HvCPI-1 to HvCPI-7), identified from EST collections and from an endosperm cDNA library, have been characterized. The intron-exon structure ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl200
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein degradation in chloroplasts is carried out by a set of proteases that eliminate misfolded, damaged, or superfluous proteins. The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) is the most complex protease in plastids and has been implicated mainly in stromal protein degradation. In contrast, FtsH, a thylakoid membr...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx066
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyse the final step of the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis of the Kennedy pathway. Two major gene families have been shown to encode DGATs, DGAT1 (type-1) and DGAT2 (type-2). Both genes encode membrane-bound proteins, with no sequence homology to each other. In this study...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq286
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The extracellular matrix (ECM) of many charophytes, the assemblage of green algae that are the sister group to land plants, is complex, produced in large amounts, and has multiple essential functions. An extensive secretory apparatus and endomembrane system are presumably needed to synthesize and secrete the ECM, but ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa039
更新日期:2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Because it has a high demand for sulphur (S), oilseed rape is particularly sensitive to S limitation. However, the physiological effects of S limitation remain unclear, especially during the rosette stage. For this reason a study was conducted to determine the effects of mineral S limitation on nitrogen (N) and S upta...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erq096
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between shoot nitrate concentration, mediated by nitrate supply to roots, and root exudation from Hordeum vulgare. Plants were grown for 14 d in C-free sand microcosms, supplied with nutrient solution containing 2 mM nitrate. After this period, three treatments w...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg017
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) signalling cascades in plant responses to salt and oxidative stresses is unclear. Arabidopsis SA signalling mutants, namely npr1-5 (non-expresser of pathogenesis related gene1), which lacks NPR1-dependent SA signalling, and nudt7 (nudix hydrolase7), which has both constitutiv...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru528
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes that reduce the aldehyde chemical grouping (i.e. H-C=O) to its corresponding alcohol are probably crucial in maintaining plant health during stress. Succinic semialdehyde (SSA) is a mitochondrially-generated intermediate in the metabolism of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), which accumulates in response to a variet...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern122
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although leaves and other vegetative tissues are generally considered as non-climacteric, citrus leaves show a climacteric system II behaviour after detachment. Upon harvest, young, fully expanded 'Valencia' orange (Citrus sinensis) leaves ( approximately 60-d-old) exhibited two phases of ethylene production. The firs...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eri137
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to screen for putative candidate genes linked to tomato fruit weight and to sugar or acid content, genes and QTLs involved in fruit size and composition were mapped. Genes were selected among EST clones in the TIGR tomato EST database (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/tgi/lgi/) or corresponded to genes preferentially ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh207
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extensive literature reports that Cs(+), an environmental contaminant, enters plant cells through K(+) transport systems. Several recently identified plant K(+) transport systems are permeable to Cs(+). Permeation models indicate that most Cs(+) uptake into plant roots under typical soil ionic conditions will be me...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.357.839
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Temporal compartmentation of carboxylation processes is a defining feature of crassulacean acid metabolism and involves circadian control of key metabolic and transport steps that regulate the supply and demand for carbon over a 24h cycle. Recent insights on the molecular workings of the circadian clock and its connec...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru185
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The timing of seed germination is crucial for seed plants and is coordinated by internal and external cues, reflecting adaptations to different habitats. Physiological and molecular studies with lettuce and Arabidopsis thaliana have documented a strict requirement for light to initiate germination and identified many ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz146
更新日期:2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Modifications to the cell wall of developing and ripening tomato fruit are mediated by cell wall-degrading enzymes, including a beta-d-xylosidase or alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase, which participate in the breakdown of xylans and/or arabinoxylans. The activity of both enzymes was highest during early fruit growth, before...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg291
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of within-species annual plant adaptation to rainfall gradients is fragmented. Broad-scale ecological applications of Grime's C-S-R triangle are often superficial, while detailed drought physiology tends to be narrow, focusing on elite cultivars. The former lack the detail to explain how plants respo...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru006
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stomatal responses to leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit (LVPD), leaf water potential components, and cuticular properties were characterized for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) foliage collected from tree tops along a height gradient from 5 m to 58 m in order to explore height-related trends in stomatal sensitiv...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp291
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate change has brought severe challenges to agriculture. It is anticipated that there will be a drop in crop yield - including that of soybean - due to climatic stress factors that include drastic fluctuations in temperature, drought, flooding and high salinity. Genomic information on soybean has been accumulating...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw348
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, also known as qRT-PCR or real-time RT-PCR) has been used in large proportions of transcriptome analyses published to date. The accuracy of the results obtained by this method strongly depends on accurate transcript normalization using stably express...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern305
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last two decades, extensive studies have been performed at the molecular level to understand the evolution of carnivorous plants. As fruits, the repertoires of protein components in the digestive fluids of several carnivorous plants have gradually become clear. However, the quantitative aspect of these protei...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa560
更新日期:2020-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of proteins in eukaryotic cells are modified according to highly regulated mechanisms to fulfill specific functions and to achieve localization, stability, and transport. Protein ubiquitination is one of the major post-translational modifications occurring in eukaryotic cells. To obtain the proteomic data...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp134
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shoot branching is the process by which axillary buds, located on the axil of a leaf, develop and form new flowers or branches. The process by which a dormant bud activates and becomes an actively growing branch is complex and very finely tuned. Bud outgrowth is regulated by the interaction of environmental signals an...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erm134
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00