Focusing on Patients' Existing Resources and Strengths in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Psychodynamic Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Abstract:

:Objectives: Integrating a stronger focus on patients' existing strengths in traditional psychotherapy approaches is suggested by recent developments in psychological science, positive psychology, and psychotherapy research. However, the empirical status of treatments focusing on patients' existing strengths is unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42017054362) of studies on adaptations of traditional treatment approaches (e. g., cognitive-behavior therapy or psychodynamic therapy) explicitly focused on using patients' existing resources and strengths (hereafter, resource-focused treatments; RFT). Methods: Extensive systematic literature search yielded k = 11 treatment comparisons from 10 studies contrasting RFTs with either an alternative psychotherapeutic approach or wait list. Effect sizes controlling for pre-treatment differences (gPPWC) and standard Hedges's g effect sizes (gPOWC) were aggregated with random-effects methods Results: Across 8 direct comparisons, RFTs were superior to other psychotherapeutic approaches, as indicated by small to moderate (gPPWC = -0.349, 95 % CI -0.576, -0.122, p = .003, I2 = 46.50 %) and small effect sizes (gPOWC = -0.190, 95 % CI -0.355, -0.025, p = .024, I2 = 0.00 %) in favor of RFTs. Sensitivity analyses corroborated results. Many included studies were characterized by limited sample size, risk of bias or researcher allegiance. Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed preliminary evidence for the benefits of RFTs and suggests an intensification of further research efforts. The evidence was most convincing for hypnotherapeutic-systemic interventions as an add-on for cognitive-behavioral therapy. :Zusammenfassung Fokus auf Ressourcen und Stärken von Patienten in kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie und psychodynamischer Therapie: Eine systematische Übersicht und MetaanalyseFragestellung: Entwicklungen in psychologischer Grundlagenforschung, positiver Psychologie und Psychotherapieforschung sprechen für das Potential einer stärkeren Orientierung traditioneller Therapieansätze auf die bestehenden Ressourcen und Stärken von Patientinnen und Patienten. Der empirische Status einer stärkeren Orientierung auf die bestehenden Ressourcen ist jedoch ungeklärt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war eine systematische Übersicht (PROSPERO-Registrierung CRD42017054362) von Studien zu ressourcenorientierten Adaptationen traditioneller Therapieansätze (z. B. der kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen oder psychodynamischen Therapie; im Folgenden: resource-focused treatments; RFT). Methode: Eine umfangreiche systematische Literaturrecherche ergab k = 11 Vergleiche aus zehn Studien, die RFTs mit einer anderen Behandlung oder mit Warteliste verglichen. Effektstärken mit Korrektur für Unterschiede zu Behandlungsbeginn (gPPWC) und klassische Hedges’ g-Effektgrößen (gPOWC) wurden mit Random-Effects-Methoden aggregiert. Ergebnisse: In acht direkten Vergleichen waren die RFTs anderen psychotherapeutischen Ansätzen überlegen. Die Überlegenheit von RFTs lag im Bereich kleiner bis mittlerer (gPPWC = –0.349, 95 % CI –0.576, –0.122, p = 0.003, I2 = 46.50 %) beziehungsweise kleiner Effektstärken (gPOWC = –0.190, 95 % CI –0.355, –0.025, p = 0.024, I2 = 0.00 %). Sensitivitätsanalysen bestätigten die Ergebnisse. Viele der eingeschlossenen Studien zeichneten sich durch kleine Stichprobengrößen, Bias-Risiko und Allegianz der Untersucherinnen und Untersucher aus. Diskussion: Insgesamt stützt das vorliegende Review den Nutzen von RFTs und legt eine Intensivierung der Forschungsbemühungen nahe. Am deutlichsten ist die aktuelle Evidenz für hypnotherapeutisch-systemische Erweiterungen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie.

authors

Munder T PhD,Karcher A,Yadikar Ö,Szeles T,Gumz A

doi

10.13109/zptm.2019.65.2.144

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-06-01 00:00:00

pages

144-161

issue

2

eissn

1438-3608

issn

2196-8349

journal_volume

65

pub_type

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