Abstract：
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:High lipoprotein(a) levels are observationally and causally, from human genetics, associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction and aortic valve stenosis. The European Atherosclerosis Society recommends screening for elevated lipoprotein(a) levels in high-risk patients. Different therapies have been suggested and some are used to treat elevated lipoprotein(a) levels such as niacin, PCSK9 inhibitors, and CETP inhibitors; however, to date, no randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that lowering of lipoprotein(a) leads to lower risk of cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Synthetic oligonucleotides can be used to inactivate genes involved in disease processes. To lower lipoprotein(a), two antisense oligonucleotides have been developed, one targeting apolipoprotein B and one targeting apolipoprotein(a). Mipomersen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting apolipoprotein B and thereby reducing levels of all apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins in the circulation. Mipomersen has been shown to lower lipoprotein(a) by 20-50% in phase 3 studies. AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx is the most recent antisense oligonucleotide targeting apolipoprotein(a) and thereby uniquely targeting lipoprotein(a). It has been tested in a phase 2 study and has shown to lower lipoprotein(a) levels by 50-80%. The treatment of elevated lipoprotein(a) levels with the newest antisense oligonucleotides seems promising; however, no improvement in cardiovascular disease risk has yet been shown. However, a phase 3 study of AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx is being planned with cardiovascular disease as outcome, and results are awaited with great anticipation.
journal_name
Curr Atheroscler Repjournal_title
Current atherosclerosis reportsauthors
Langsted A,Nordestgaard BGdoi
10.1007/s11883-019-0792-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-20 00:00:00pages
30issue
8eissn
1523-3804issn
1534-6242pii
10.1007/s11883-019-0792-8journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The development of multiple diagnostic intracoronary imaging modalities has increased our understanding of coronary atherosclerotic disease. These imaging modalities, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), have provided a method to study plaques and ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0607-0
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on recent evidence examining the role gut microbiota play in coronary heart disease. It also provides a succinct overview of current and future therapies targeting the gut microbiota for coronary heart disease risk reduction. RECENT FINDINGS:A consensus has been reached that diffe...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00892-2
更新日期：2020-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review addresses normal and pathologic functions of serum amyloid A (SAA), an enigmatic biomarker of inflammation and protein precursor of AA amyloidosis, a life-threatening complication of chronic inflammation. SAA is a small, highly evolutionarily conserved acute-phase protein whose plasma leve...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00888-y
更新日期：2020-09-24 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We aimed to summarize recent guidelines, position papers, and high-quality clinical research relating the use of nutraceuticals in the management of individuals at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS:It is essential that individuals at high risk of cardiovascular dise...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00887-z
更新日期：2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The review aims to describe the differences between men and women in those factors that can influence a worse prognosis in women after an acute cardiovascular event. RECENT FINDINGS:Women adequately treated with current evidence-based medications for acute myocardial infarction and for conventional c...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-020-00882-4
更新日期：2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite the important progress in identifying high-risk atherosclerotic plaques, many key elements are elusive. Advanced imaging modalities provide valuable information about the anatomic and functional plaque characteristics and underscore the presence of multiple plaque morphologies. However, how th...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0626-x
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Platelets are critical modulators of atherothrombotic events. In the acute setting, platelets are activated and aggregate on the surface of atherosclerotic plaque that has ruptured, fissured, or developed erosions. The overlying thrombus leads to sudden development of arterial luminal obstruction, inducing ischemia an...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0055-1
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have developed, tested, and successfully implemented an affordable, evidence-based, comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk-reduction program for use in primary and secondary prevention settings. The program is administered at hospitals, physician practices, cardiac rehabilitation programs, work sites, shopping m...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-001-0040-9
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) is an enzyme which binds to oxidized LDL and has a pro-inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The Lp-PLA(2) Studies Collaboration showed the relationship between Lp-PLA(2) levels and activity with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Level...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-011-0201-4
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcification of atherosclerotic lesions was long thought to be an age - related, passive process, but increasingly data has revealed that atherosclerotic calcification is a more active process, involving complex signaling pathways and bone-like genetic programs. Initially, imaging of atherosclerotic calcification was...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0601-6
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acute stroke is a treatable disease. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients obtain guideline-adjusted therapy. One major reason is the small time window in which therapies have to be administered in order to reverse or mitigate brain injury and prevent disability. The Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) conce...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-018-0751-9
更新日期：2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Transient ischemic attack (TIA) represents one end of the spectrum of focal brain ischemia, the other being completed infarction or ischemic stroke. The evolving technologic advancements in neuroimaging continue to change and sharpen the definition, epidemiology, and management of TIA. As a powerful risk factor for is...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-005-0019-z
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant etiologic cause of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) that leads to disabling deficits as well as significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Approximately 25 % of AIS is considered to be cryptogenic with no etiology ascertained at the time of the index event. Recent adva...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-015-0544-3
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been increasing interest in the health benefits of supplemental and/or dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly in their role in disease prevention. This interest escalated once their effects on cardiovascular health were observed from numerous observational studies in populations wh...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-013-0389-6
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is well-established and continues to be pursued as a therapeutic target in the treatment of heart failure, predominantly due to the success of agents that block RAAS in clinical trials of systolic heart failure. The optimal treatment of heart failure patients with preser...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-014-0403-7
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiovascular disease and its clinical sequelae remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many regions of the world. Dyslipidemia is a critical risk factor to intercept in both the primary and secondary prevention of acute cardiovascular events. The prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trials conduc...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-004-0045-2
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the USA, 69 % of adults are either overweight or obese and 35 % are obese. Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of various cardiovascular disorders. Obesity is a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, in that it is associated with a much higher prevalence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertensio...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0575-4
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eicosanoids, including epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, and other oxylipins derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, have emerging roles in endothelial inflammation and subsequent atherosclerosis. Unlike eicosanoids in the prostanoid series, they are known to be esterified in cell lipids such...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0061-3
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide range of structurally unrelated antioxidants inhibit atherosclerosis in animal models of hypercholesterolemia, implicating oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, most prospective, randomized trials of one proposed antioxidant, vitamin E, have failed to demons...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-003-0075-1
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose is to review evidence on cardiovascular risks and benefits of new treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS:In response to guidance issued by the Food and Drug Administration, thousands of patients have been enrolled in large randomized trials evaluating the cardiovascular ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0633-y
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of enzymes is involved in arterial wall extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. The latter activities have been implicated in a number of normal and pathologic processes, such as atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, plaque destabilization and rupture, but...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-010-0159-7
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death in the United States. Fibrous plaques develop in 77% to 78% of men before age 30. The mean low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level in men aged 25 to 30 years is 117 mg/dL. In the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention St...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11883-999-0048-0
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (cis-MUFAs) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and on CHD mortality are not clear. Also, dietary recommendations for cis-MUFA as derived by various organizations are not in agreement. Earlier studies have mainly focused on the effects of cis-MUFA on serum lipids ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-016-0597-y
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies confirm and extend previous evidence that lipoprotein (Lp) plays a significant role in atherosclerosis and is one of the top five or six risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Japanese patients, Lp levels and apo phenotypes are significant predictors for myocardial infarction. Lp levels are signifi...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0026-z
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Managing dyslipidemia is an important part of the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction remains the primary lipid goal. Patients who have experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at very high risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. A ...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11883-009-0024-8
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Few principles in medicine today are as well accepted as the benefits of using statins to reduce cardiovascular risk factors and to prevent cardiovascular disease. The recent withdrawal of a statin (cerivastatin) has lead to a re-examination of all statins, and an attempt to better assess the risk-benefit ratio of thi...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-002-0060-0
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipodystrophies are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the loss of adipose tissue and by abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we describe several mouse models that recapitulate various aspects of the lipodystroph...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-000-0077-1
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) are well known, but the role that the n-6 FAs play in coronary heart disease is unclear. These two classes of essential FAs compete for a number of enzyme systems, and their metabolites can powerfully influence (often in different directions) inflammatory r...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-006-0019-7
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with ischemic stroke of unclear etiology are often screened for hypercoagulable syndromes or thrombophilias. These have been recognized to cause venous thrombosis, and include hereditary deficiencies of coagulation factors, genetic mutations, or acquired disorders. However, the majority of coagulation disorde...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-003-0052-8
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the recent decline in mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), this disease remains the leading killer of US adults of all ages. CHD in young adults is not as well characterized as CHD in older individuals because it occurs less frequently, but this disease can have devastating consequences for young patie...
journal_title：Current atherosclerosis reports
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11883-012-0226-3
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
