Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Germ cell tumours are uniquely associated with the gametogenic tissues of males and females. A feature of these cancers is that they can express genes that are normally tightly restricted to meiotic cells. This aberrant gene expression has been used as an indicator that these cancer cells are attempting a programmed germ line event, meiotic entry. However, work in non-germ cell cancers has also indicated that meiotic genes can become aberrantly activated in a wide range of cancer types and indeed provide functions that serve as oncogenic drivers. Here, we review the activation of meiotic factors in cancers and explore commonalities between meiotic gene activation in germ cell and non-germ cell cancers. OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this review are to highlight key questions relating to meiotic gene activation in germ cell tumours and to offer possible interpretations as to the biological relevance in this unique cancer type. MATERIALS AND METHODS:PubMed and the GEPIA database were searched for papers in English and for cancer gene expression data, respectively. RESULTS:We provide a brief overview of meiotic progression, with a focus on the unique mechanisms of reductional chromosome segregation in meiosis I. We then offer detailed insight into the role of meiotic chromosome regulators in non-germ cell cancers and extend this to provide an overview of how this might relate to germ cell tumours. CONCLUSIONS:We propose that meiotic gene activation in germ cell tumours might not indicate an unscheduled attempt to enter a full meiotic programme. Rather, it might simply reflect either aberrant activation of a subset of meiotic genes, with little or no biological relevance, or aberrant activation of a subset of meiotic genes as positive tumour evolutionary/oncogenic drivers. These postulates provide the provocation for further studies in this emerging field.
journal_name
Andrologyjournal_title
Andrologyauthors
Feichtinger J,McFarlane RJdoi
10.1111/andr.12628subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
415-427issue
4eissn
2047-2919issn
2047-2927journal_volume
7pub_type
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