Abstract：
:Prolific growth of pathogenic Legionella pneumophila within engineered water systems and premise plumbing, and human exposure to aerosols containing this bacterium results in the leading health burden of any water-related pathogen in developed regions. Ecologically, free-living amoebae (FLA) are an important group of the microbial community that influence biofilm bacterial diversity in the piped-water environment. Using fluorescent microscopy, we studied in-situ the colonization of L. pneumophila in the presence of two water-related FLA species, Willaertia magna and Acanthamoeba polyphaga in drinking water biofilms. During water flow as well as after periods of long-stagnation, the attachment and colonization of L. pneumophila to predeveloped water-biofilm was limited. Furthermore, W. magna and A. polyphaga showed no immediate interactions with L. pneumophila when introduced to the same natural biofilm environment. A. polyphaga encysted within 5-7 d after introduction to the tap-water biofilms and mostly persisted in cysts till the end of the study period (850 d). W. magna trophozoites, however, exhibited a time delay in feeding on Legionella and were observed with internalized L. pneumophila cells after 3 weeks from their introduction to the end of the study period and supported putative (yet limited) intracellular growth. The culturable L.pneumophila in the bulk water was reduced by 2-log over 2 years at room temperature but increased (without a change in mip gene copies by qPCR) when the temperature was elevated to 40 °C within the same closed-loop tap-water system without the addition of nutrients or fresh water. The overall results suggest that L. pneumophila maintains an ecological balance with FLA within the biofilm environment, and higher temperature improve the viability of L. pneumophila cells, and intracellular growth of Legionella is possibly cell-concentration dependent. Observing the preferential feeding behavior, we hypothesize that an initial increase of FLA numbers through feeding on a range of other available bacteria could lead to an enrichment of L. pneumophila, and later force predation of Legionella by the amoeba trophozoites results in rapid intracellular replication, leading to problematic concentration of L. pneumophila in water. In order to find sustainable control options for legionellae and various other saprozoic, amoeba-resisting bacterial pathogens, this work emphasizes the need for better understanding of the FLA feeding behavior and the range of ecological interactions impacting microbial population dynamics within engineered water systems.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Shaheen M,Scott C,Ashbolt NJdoi
10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.04.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-05-01 00:00:00pages
678-686issue
4eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(19)30130-0journal_volume
222pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be po...
journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.008
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.06.003
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title：International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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