Disease mortality in domesticated animals is predicted by host evolutionary relationships.

abstract：:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), released from gut endocrine L cells in response to glucose, regulates appetite, insulin secretion, and gut motility. How glucose given orally, but not systemically, induces GLP-1 secretion is unknown. We show that human duodenal L cells express sweet taste receptors, the taste G protei...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jang HJ,Kokrashvili Z,Theodorakis MJ,Carlson OD,Kim BJ,Zhou J,Kim HH,Xu X,Chan SL,Juhaszova M,Bernier M,Mosinger B,Margolskee RF,Egan JM

更新日期：2007-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies can block cellular interactions that negatively regulate T-cell immune responses, such as CD80/CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD1-L, amplifying preexisting immunity and thereby evoking antitumor immune responses. Ibrutinib, an approved therapy for B-cell malignancies, is a covalent inhibitor of BTK, a member of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sagiv-Barfi I,Kohrt HE,Czerwinski DK,Ng PP,Chang BY,Levy R

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine supersensitivity occurs in schizophrenia and other psychoses, and after hippocampal lesions, antipsychotics, ethanol, amphetamine, phencyclidine, gene knockouts of Dbh (dopamine beta-hydroxylase), Drd4 receptors, Gprk6 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6), Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase), or Th-/-, DbhTh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seeman P,Weinshenker D,Quirion R,Srivastava LK,Bhardwaj SK,Grandy DK,Premont RT,Sotnikova TD,Boksa P,El-Ghundi M,O'dowd BF,George SR,Perreault ML,Männistö PT,Robinson S,Palmiter RD,Tallerico T

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This investigation was undertaken to determine the possible role of growth hormone (GH) in the hormonal regulation of hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor expression. Treatment of normal rats with estrogen (ethynylestradiol, 5 mg/kg per day) increased the number of hepatic LDL receptors, and the LDL receptor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rudling M,Norstedt G,Olivecrona H,Reihnér E,Gustafsson JA,Angelin B

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fluorescence decay of the rare earth terbium when bound to the protein calmodulin changes from a simple exponential decay to a complex nonexponential decay as the temperature is lowered below 200 K. We have fit the observed decay curves by assuming that the terbium emission is a forced electric dipole transition a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Austin RH,Stein DL,Wang J

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relying on a quantitative analysis of the patenting and assignment behavior of inventors, we highlight the evolution of institutions that encouraged trade in technology and a growing division of labor between those who invented new technologies and those who exploited them commercially over the nineteenth and early-tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lamoreaux NR,Sokoloff KL

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Basophils are powerful mediators of Th2 immunity and are present in increased numbers during allergic inflammation and helminth infection. Despite their ability to potentiate Th2 immunity the mechanisms regulating basophil development remain largely unknown. We have found a unique role for isotype-switched antibodies ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Herbst T,Esser J,Prati M,Kulagin M,Stettler R,Zaiss MM,Hewitson JP,Merky P,Verbeek JS,Bourquin C,Camberis M,Prout M,Maizels RM,Le Gros G,Harris NL

更新日期：2012-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The configurations of the hydrocarbon chains in micelles are severely constrained by the space-filling requirements of the chain segments, by the continuity of the chains, and by the micellar geometry. A statistical theory that takes full account of these constraints is developed by using a lattice model. The chain en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dill KA,Flory PJ

更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is predominantly caused by mutations in the NPC1 protein that affect intracellular cholesterol trafficking and cause accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids in lysosomal storage organelles. We report the use of a series of small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pipalia NH,Cosner CC,Huang A,Chatterjee A,Bourbon P,Farley N,Helquist P,Wiest O,Maxfield FR

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian reproductive function depends upon a neuroendocrine circuit that evokes the pulsatile release of gonadotropin hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) from the pituitary. This reproductive circuit is sensitive to metabolic perturbations. When challenged with starvation, insufficient en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padilla SL,Qiu J,Nestor CC,Zhang C,Smith AW,Whiddon BB,Rønnekleiv OK,Kelly MJ,Palmiter RD

更新日期：2017-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Although(,) vascular remodeling is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis, anti-vascular strategies to treat these conditions have received little attention to date. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of systemic blockade of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schonthaler HB,Huggenberger R,Wculek SK,Detmar M,Wagner EF

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spera JM,Ugalde JE,Mucci J,Comerci DJ,Ugalde RA

更新日期：2006-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are key drivers of blood and lymph vessel formation in development, but also in several pathological processes. VEGF-C signaling through VEGFR-3 promotes lymphangiogenesis, which is a clinically relevant target for treating lymphatic insufficienc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leppänen VM,Tvorogov D,Kisko K,Prota AE,Jeltsch M,Anisimov A,Markovic-Mueller S,Stuttfeld E,Goldie KN,Ballmer-Hofer K,Alitalo K

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, p53 was demonstrated to affect the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in growth and survival of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for interaction between p53 and IGF-1R are still not fully understood. One of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Girnita L,Girnita A,Larsson O

更新日期：2003-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations are a hallmark of cancer. Normal cells minimize spontaneous mutations through the combined actions of polymerase base selectivity, 3' --> 5' exonucleolytic proofreading, mismatch correction, and DNA damage repair. To determine the consequences of defective proofreading in mammals, we created mice with a poin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldsby RE,Hays LE,Chen X,Olmsted EA,Slayton WB,Spangrude GJ,Preston BD

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface distributions of three different membrane integral proteins, beta2-microglobulin (part of the histocompatibility antigen complex), aminopeptidase (alpha-aminoacyl-peptide hydrolase; EC 3.4.11.2), and the Na+,K+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.3) on human fibroblasts grown in monolayer culture have b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ash JF,Louvard D,Singer SJ

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the synthesis of a probe that permits the visualization by electron microscopy of acidic organelles in intact cells. This probe, 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3'-amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP), is a basic congener of dinitrophenol that readily diffuses into intact cells. Its primary and tertiary amino groups (a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson RG,Falck JR,Goldstein JL,Brown MS

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Senescent cell antigen (SCA), an aging antigen, is a protein that appears on old cells and marks them for removal by the immune system in mammals. It is derived from band 3, a ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in diverse cell types and tissues. We have used synthetic peptides to identify aging antigenic site...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kay MM,Marchalonis JJ,Hughes J,Watanabe K,Schluter SF

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetic field fluctuations arising from fundamental spins are ubiquitous in nanoscale biology, and are a rich source of information about the processes that generate them. However, the ability to detect the few spins involved without averaging over large ensembles has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate the detect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaufmann S,Simpson DA,Hall LT,Perunicic V,Senn P,Steinert S,McGuinness LP,Johnson BC,Ohshima T,Caruso F,Wrachtrup J,Scholten RE,Mulvaney P,Hollenberg L

更新日期：2013-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:An electrophoretic karyotype of Aspergillus nidulans has been obtained using contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis. Six chromosomal bands were separated, with two of the bands migrating as doublets. Using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes as size standards,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brody H,Carbon J

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To relate transients of force by single kinesin molecules with the elementary steps of the ATPase cycle, we measured the time to force generation by kinesin after photorelease of ATP from caged ATP. Kinesin-coated beads were trapped by an infrared laser and brought onto microtubules fixed to a coverslip. Tension was a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higuchi H,Muto E,Inoue Y,Yanagida T

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Cambodia, in which both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are endemic, has been the focus of numerous malaria-control interventions, resulting in a marked decline in overall malaria incidence. Despite this decline, the number of P vivax cases has actually increased. To understand better the factors underlying...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parobek CM,Lin JT,Saunders DL,Barnett EJ,Lon C,Lanteri CA,Balasubramanian S,Brazeau N,DeConti DK,Garba DL,Meshnick SR,Spring MD,Chuor CM,Bailey JA,Juliano JJ

更新日期：2016-12-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of the sterol-synthesizing mevalonate pathway occurs in part through feedback-regulated endoplasmic reticulum degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R). In yeast, the Hmg2p isozyme of HMG-R is regulated in this manner. We have tested the involvement of ubiquitination in the regulated d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hampton RY,Bhakta H

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We define an integer invariant [Formula: see text] of a smooth, compact, closed 4-manifold X by minimizing a certain complexity of a trisection of X over all trisections. The good feature of [Formula: see text] is that when [Formula: see text] and X is a homology 4-sphere, then X is diffeomorphic to the 4-sphere. Natu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirby R,Thompson A

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryonic development of the optic nerve of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, was studied by three-dimensional computer reconstruction from serial section electron micrographs. Growing fibers from retinal ganglion cells had growth cones in contact with more mature fibers from adjacent cell bodies. In the observed ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bodick N,Levinthal C

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motilin, [Met]enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, somatostatin, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine were tested for their effects on Deiters neurons of the lateral vestibular nucleus in rabbits. Iontophoresis was carried out with multibarrelled micropipettes. All four peptides and three amino acids produced ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chan-Palay V,Ito M,Tongroach P,Sakurai M,Palay S

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits behavioral responses to many volatile odorants. Chemotaxis toward one such odorant, diacetyl (butanedione), requires the function of a seven-transmembrane receptor protein encoded by the odr-10 gene. To determine directly whether ODR-10 protein is an odorant receptor, it is...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Chou JH,Bradley J,Bargmann CI,Zinn K

更新日期：1997-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, can induce apoptosis when activated by Fas ligand binding or anti-Fas antibody crosslinking. Genetic studies have shown that a defect in Fas-mediated apoptosis resulted in abnormal development and function of the immune system in mice. A point mutation in the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chu K,Niu X,Williams LT

更新日期：1995-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-directed spin labeling EPR (SDSL-EPR) was used to determine the structure of the inhibitory region of TnI in the intact cardiac troponin ternary complex. Maeda and collaborators have modeled the inhibitory region of TnI (skeletal 96-112: the structural motif that communicates the Ca(2+) signal to actin) as a kink...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brown LJ,Sale KL,Hills R,Rouviere C,Song L,Zhang X,Fajer PG

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene encodes a cytokine whose activities have been implicated in many immunopathological processes, including the activation and differentiation of lymphocytes. Originally identified as a monocyte factor, our studies and those of others have demonstrated that B and T l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldfeld AE,Flemington EK,Boussiotis VA,Theodos CM,Titus RG,Strominger JL,Speck SH

更新日期：1992-12-15 00:00:00