Abstract:
:The importance of the amygdala as a salience detector and in emotional learning is now well accepted. The mechanisms that regulate and inhibit the amygdala, however, are less well understood. This review provides evidence from imaging and lesion studies to support the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) as a moderator and inhibitor of the amygdala. The dual inhibition model centres on the broadly defined ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the distinct role of two of its subcomponents, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. The dual inhibition model posits that these two regions, along with their associated inhibitory pathways, must interact for adequate inhibitory control of the amygdala and emotional regulation. Following a description of the model's experimental support, it is then proposed as a neuropsychological mechanism for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Flashbacks, as a defining feature of PTSD, are described in terms of a subcortical orienting network. Finally, there is a discussion of how a neuropsychological understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) might inform a clinician's approach to treatment and how the dual inhibition model might have a more general application to understanding emotional dysregulation.
journal_name
Neuropsychol Revjournal_title
Neuropsychology reviewauthors
Andrewes DG,Jenkins LMdoi
10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-01 00:00:00pages
220-243issue
2eissn
1040-7308issn
1573-6660pii
10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4journal_volume
29pub_type
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journal_title:Neuropsychology review
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