Wildfires and climate change push low-elevation forests across a critical climate threshold for tree regeneration.

abstract：:The binding of invariant chain to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins is an important step in processing of MHC class II proteins and in antigen presentation. The question of how invariant chain can bind to all MHC class II proteins is central to understanding these processes. We have employed molecular mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee C,McConnell HM

更新日期：1995-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:AK032317 is the GenBank accession no. of a full-length RIKEN mouse cDNA. It encodes a putative variant of the C3-type TRPC (transient receptor potential channel) that differs from the previously cloned murine TRPC3 cDNA in that it has a 5' extension stemming from inclusion of an additional exon (exon 0). The extended ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yildirim E,Kawasaki BT,Birnbaumer L

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have compared the efficiency of transformation by linear DNA fragments in yeast strains carrying different numbers of homologous targets for recombination. In strains carrying dispersed copies of a target and in strains carrying tandem arrays, the frequency of transformation is proportional to the number of targets...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wilson JH,Leung WY,Bosco G,Dieu D,Haber JE

更新日期：1994-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Control of iron homeostasis is essential for healthy central nervous system function: iron deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment, yet iron overload is thought to promote neurodegenerative diseases. Specific genetic markers have been previously identified that influence levels of transferrin, the protein t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jahanshad N,Kohannim O,Hibar DP,Stein JL,McMahon KL,de Zubicaray GI,Medland SE,Montgomery GW,Whitfield JB,Martin NG,Wright MJ,Toga AW,Thompson PM

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Charybdotoxin (ChTX), a K+ channel blocker, depolarizes human peripheral T lymphocytes and renders them insensitive to activation by mitogen. We observed four types of K+ channels in human T cells: one voltage-activated, and three Ca(2+)-activated. To discern the mechanism by which ChTX depolarizes T cells, we examine...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leonard RJ,Garcia ML,Slaughter RS,Reuben JP

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is essential for the induction of inflammatory cytokines, but the mechanism by which IRF5 is activated is not well understood. Here we present evidence that the kinase IKKβ phosphorylates and activates IRF5 in response to stimulation in several inflammator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ren J,Chen X,Chen ZJ

更新日期：2014-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Diabetes is now the most common cause of progressive kidney failure leading to dialysis or transplantation. The central pathological feature of diabetic nephropathy is accumulation of extracellular matrix within the glomeruli. The factors in the diabetic milieu responsible for extracellular matrix accumulation are not...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto T,Nakamura T,Noble NA,Ruoslahti E,Border WA

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cold-water conditions have excluded durophagous (skeleton-breaking) predators from the Antarctic seafloor for millions of years. Rapidly warming seas off the western Antarctic Peninsula could now facilitate their return to the continental shelf, with profound consequences for the endemic fauna. Among the likely first ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aronson RB,Smith KE,Vos SC,McClintock JB,Amsler MO,Moksnes PO,Ellis DS,Kaeli J,Singh H,Bailey JW,Schiferl JC,van Woesik R,Martin MA,Steffel BV,Deal ME,Lazarus SM,Havenhand JN,Swalethorp R,Kjellerup S,Thatje S

更新日期：2015-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has emerged as a global challenge over the past 90 years, compromising our ability to effectively treat infections. There has been a dramatic increase in antibiotic resistance-associated determinants in bacterial populations, driven by the mobility and infectious nature of such determ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Klemm EJ,Wong VK,Dougan G

更新日期：2018-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In Caenorhabditis elegans, the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-associated proteins U1A and U2B'' are approximately 50% identical to each other, and neither bears signature characteristics of mammalian U1A or U2B'' or the single Drosophila homolog, SNF. We show here that the genes that encode these proteins (rn...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saldi T,Wilusz C,MacMorris M,Blumenthal T

更新日期：2007-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In neurotransmission synaptotagmin-1 tethers synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic plasma membrane by binding to acidic membrane lipids and SNAREs and promotes rapid SNARE-mediated fusion upon Ca(2+) triggering. However, recent studies suggested that upon membrane contact synaptotagmin may not only bind in trans to the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vennekate W,Schröder S,Lin CC,van den Bogaart G,Grunwald M,Jahn R,Walla PJ

更新日期：2012-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen-derived free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vasogenic edema and infarction caused by ischemia and reperfusion injury. In earlier studies, exogenously supplied liposome-entrapped CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) ameliorated ischemic brain edema and infarction in rats following focal cer...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kinouchi H,Epstein CJ,Mizui T,Carlson E,Chen SF,Chan PH

更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) plays diverse and significant roles in biological processes despite its cytotoxicity, raising the question of how biological systems control the action of NO to minimize its cytotoxicity in cells. As a great example of such a system, we found a possibility that NO-generating nitrite reductase (NiR) f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terasaka E,Yamada K,Wang PH,Hosokawa K,Yamagiwa R,Matsumoto K,Ishii S,Mori T,Yagi K,Sawai H,Arai H,Sugimoto H,Sugita Y,Shiro Y,Tosha T

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Species- and strain-specific spontaneously occurring tumors have been observed in rodents maintained under normal laboratory conditions. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of these spontaneous tumors may provide a better understanding of tumor development associated with exposure t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds SH,Stowers SJ,Maronpot RR,Anderson MW,Aaronson SA

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mitochondrial ribosome with an approximate sedimentation coefficient of 60 S has been isolated from the ovary of the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. This ribosome is active in a submitochondrial protein-synthesizing system. It contains two species of RNA, designated as "21S" and 13S RNA, which have sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Swanson RF,Dawid IB

更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies with fibroblasts have shown that peptidylhydroxyproline formation begins toward the end of the log phase of growth and is an expression of the activity of the enzyme, collagen proline hydroxylase, which increase in late log-phase cells. This communication reports a two- to fivefold increase in hydroxyla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Comstock JP,Udenfriend S

更新日期：1970-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal neural development is essential for the formation of neuronal networks and brain function. Cutaneous T cell lymphoma-associated antigen 5 (cTAGE5)/meningioma expressed antigen 6 (MEA6) plays a critical role in the secretion of proteins. However, its roles in the transport of nonsecretory cellular components and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang F,Wang Y,Wang T,Yao L,Lam SM,Huang X,Fan J,Wang Q,Liu L,Jiang Y,Zhang H,Shi L,Yu M,Shui G,Wang Y,Gao F,Zhang X,Xu Z

更新日期：2018-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause the neurodegenerative disease familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from an as-yet-unidentified toxic property(ies). Analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of a broad range of human familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1 mutants (A4V, G37R, G41D, H46R, H...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Corson LB,Strain JJ,Culotta VC,Cleveland DW

更新日期：1998-05-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The genes encoding the histone acetyl-transferases (HATs) CREB binding protein (CREBBP) and EP300 are recurrently mutated in the activated B cell-like and germinal center (GC) B cell-like subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we introduced a patient mutation into a human DLBCL cell line using CRISPR...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hashwah H,Schmid CA,Kasser S,Bertram K,Stelling A,Manz MG,Müller A

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Three enzyme reactions have been reported to catalyze the synthesis of phosphoribosylamine in eukaryotic cells. These activities are glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (P-Rib-P-P) amidotransferase [amidophosphoribosyl-transferase; 5-phosphoribosylamine: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (glutamate-amidating) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes EW,King GL,Leyva A,Singer SC

更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To test directly whether fibrin(ogen) is a key binding site for apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] in vessel walls, apo(a) transgenic mice and fibrinogen knockout mice were crossed to generate fibrin(ogen)-deficient apo(a) transgenic mice and control mice. In the vessel wall of apo(a) transgenic mice, fibrin(ogen) deposition ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lou XJ,Boonmark NW,Horrigan FT,Degen JL,Lawn RM

更新日期：1998-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K-ATP channel) plays a key role in insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. It is closed by glucose metabolism, which stimulates secretion, and opened by the drug diazoxide, which inhibits insulin release. Metabolic regulation is mediated by changes in ATP and MgADP concentrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trapp S,Tucker SJ,Ashcroft FM

更新日期：1997-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) is a transcriptional repressor, which, because of alternate promoter use, is generated from the 3' region of the cAMP response modulator (Crem) gene. Its expression and nuclear occurrence are elevated by high cAMP levels in naturally occurring regulatory T cells (nTregs). Using tw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vaeth M,Gogishvili T,Bopp T,Klein M,Berberich-Siebelt F,Gattenloehner S,Avots A,Sparwasser T,Grebe N,Schmitt E,Hünig T,Serfling E,Bodor J

更新日期：2011-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of the sterol-synthesizing mevalonate pathway occurs in part through feedback-regulated endoplasmic reticulum degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R). In yeast, the Hmg2p isozyme of HMG-R is regulated in this manner. We have tested the involvement of ubiquitination in the regulated d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hampton RY,Bhakta H

更新日期：1997-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:During CsCl isopycnic centrifugation at 20 mM Mg(++), Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits specifically lose proteins S1, S2, S3, S5, S9, S10, and S14. The resultant 30S core is unable to stimulate the GTPase activity of EF-G in the presence of 50S subunits. Activity could be restored to a small extent by adding ba...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Marsh RC,Parmeggiani A

更新日期：1973-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human rhinovirus (HRV) and other members of the enterovirus genus bind small-molecule antiviral compounds in a cavity buried within the viral capsid protein VP1. These compounds block the release of the viral protein VP4 and RNA from inside the capsid during the uncoating process. In addition, the antiviral compounds ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roy A,Post CB

更新日期：2012-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate the hypothesis that two classes of Ca2+ currents, one quickly inactivated by Ca2+ and one slowly inactivated by voltage, contribute to bursting electrical activity in pancreatic islets. A mathematical model of these currents is fit to the experimental whole-cell current-voltage and inactivation profiles...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keizer J,Smolen P

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Klotho is a circulating protein, and Klotho deficiency disturbs endothelial integrity, but the molecular mechanism is not fully clarified. We report that vascular endothelium in Klotho-deficient mice showed hyperpermeability with increased apoptosis and down-regulation of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin because of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kusaba T,Okigaki M,Matui A,Murakami M,Ishikawa K,Kimura T,Sonomura K,Adachi Y,Shibuya M,Shirayama T,Tanda S,Hatta T,Sasaki S,Mori Y,Matsubara H

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Inducer-mediated murine erythroleukemia cell (MELC) differentiation provides a model for examining factors determining terminal cell differentiation. The nuclear protein, p53, has been implicated as a potential determinant of cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. In this study p53 content and synthesis, dur...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shen DW,Real FX,DeLeo AB,Old LJ,Marks PA,Rifkind RA

更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key question in clarifying human-environment interactions is how dynamic complexity develops across integrative scales from molecular to population and global levels. Apart from its public health importance, measles is an excellent test bed for such an analysis. Simple mechanistic models have successfully illuminate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker AD,Birger RB,Teillant A,Gastanaduy PA,Wallace GS,Grenfell BT

更新日期：2016-12-20 00:00:00