Abstract:
:The anticonvulsant, valproic acid (VPA) is a suspected human teratogen. This study, employing the rhesus monkey as an animal model, demonstrates that VPA has a significant teratogenic potential in the monkey. Timed pregnant monkeys were exposed orally to VPA at approx. 1X, 10X, and 30X (20, 200, and 600 mg/kg/day, respectively) the human therapeutic dose, daily, during organogenesis (gestation days 21-50). All fetuses of mothers exposed to greater than 1X exhibited some form of embryotoxicity. The highest dose, 30X, was 100% embryolethal, while offspring of the 10X dose group exhibited craniofacial and skeletal defects, and low body weights. Maternal pharmacokinetic parameters and plasma metabolites were determined for VPA on the first and last day of dosing for the 10X dose group. Comparison of the kinetic and metabolite data with that obtained for man indicates that the rhesus monkey is a good model for predicting the teratogenic potential of VPA in the human.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Mast TJ,Cukierski MA,Nau H,Hendrickx AGdoi
10.1016/0300-483x(86)90129-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-05-01 00:00:00pages
111-9issue
2eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
0300-483X(86)90129-0journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::The histogenesis of coumarin-induced cholangiofibrosis in the rat has been determined. Proliferation of ductal structures was preceded by extensive damage to hepatocytes in the centrilobular region. Focal proliferation of ducts and fibrous tissue was present at 3 months and typical areas of cholangiofibrosis at 6 mont...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(89)90187-x
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were exposed to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mg ozone/m3 for 4 days and the activities of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured in the cytosolic fraction of lungs from exposed and control rats. Enzyme activities were also measured in isolated alveolar macrop...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(85)90083-6
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(90)90069-s
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A clonal cell line, R40F, was selected from a heterogenous population of Cd2+ and Zn2+-resistant CHO-K1 cells. These R40F cells demonstrated resistance to 120- and 4-fold higher concentrations of Cd2+ and Zn2+, respectively, than did wild type CHO-K1 cells. When cultured in the presence of low concentrations of Cd2+ (...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(83)90088-4
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimony compounds are widely used in various manufacturing and semiconducting industries. Previously, it has been shown that antimony trichloride (SbCl3) elevates sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates in V79 cells after a 28-h incubation. However, only limited data on its genotoxic effects are available so far. The p...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(98)00073-0
更新日期:1998-08-21 00:00:00
abstract::The developing nervous system is susceptible to lead (Pb) exposure but less is known about the effect of this toxic agent in adult rat brain. Since astrocytes serve as a cellular Pb deposition site, it is of importance to investigate the response of astroglial cells in the adult rat brain in a model of acute lead expo...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00415-2
更新日期:2001-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::There are reports of alterations in the number and functions of the cells of the immune system in patients with metal-on-metal (MOM) orthopaedic implants. These effects have been correlated with elevated chromium levels in the patients' blood. We have investigated the interactions of clinically relevant concentrations...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.002
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent investigations suggest that Ca2(+)-ATPase from fish gills is very sensitive to Zn2+ (Hogstrand et al., 1996. Am. J. Physiol. 270, R1141-R1147). The effect of free Zn2+ ion on the human erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2(+)-ATPase was investigated to explore the possible extension of this finding to humans. Membran...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00020-7
更新日期:1999-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Toluene is a widely abused inhaled solvent. This study was designed to determine whether toluene abuse affects the reproductive functions or general health of males. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to toluene vapor inhalation (0, 4000, or 6000 ppm; 2 h/day) daily for 5 weeks. Exposure-related supp...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00120-1
更新日期:1999-12-06 00:00:00
abstract::Intratracheal injection of zinc oxide dust, a component of many cosmetic preparations caused elevation of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and lung of guinea pigs. Clearance of zinc oxide dust from lungs through zinc-carrying proteins was evident. ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(86)90120-4
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food labels are an important educational tool to assist consumers in making healthy food choices. In addition to mandatory nutritional labeling information, manufacturers have a variety of options on the food/supplement packages to communicate the nutrition/health benefits of their products. This paper describes the d...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2005.12.021
更新日期:2006-04-03 00:00:00
abstract::Chalcones are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from plants. Previous studies have described some pharmacological applications for these compounds. Making use of our established reporter gene system, we determined the effect of five hydroxychalcones--2-hydroxychalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, 4,2'...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.10.005
更新日期:2005-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90074-3
更新日期:1993-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietrich (Theaceae) is a native to Taiwan and the leaves have been used as an astringent folk medicine. Camelliin B (CB), a macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin, was isolated from G. axillaris and showed cytotoxic effects in human carcinoma cells. Among the target cells (SKHep-1, Ha-22T, DU-145, ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00452-8
更新日期:2001-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Rat kidney slices were produced using a modified version of a mechanical tissue slicer. The slices were incubated with various concentrations of L-cysteine conjugates and mercapturic acids of halogenated alkenes in a submersion incubation system. The slices showed a time- and concentration-dependent toxicity to the ne...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(93)90206-8
更新日期:1993-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The therapy of organophosphorus compound (OP) poisoning is still a challenge to clinical toxicologists. To alleviate peripheral respiratory failure oximes, e.g. obidoxime and pralidoxime, are used to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with the intention to restore the disturbed neuromuscular function. In...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2010.04.002
更新日期:2010-06-04 00:00:00
abstract::Biodegradable nanoparticles are being considered more often as drug carriers to address pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic issues, yet nano-product safety has not been systematically proven. In this study, haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were examined on 28 day daily dosing of rats with nano- or m...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2015.01.017
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03447-6
更新日期:1996-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated a single intradermal injection model in the guinea pig with subsequent inhalation challenge and serological analysis as a method to predict the potential of chemicals to induce respiratory allergy. Four known respiratory allergens (trimellitic anhydride, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, phthalic anh...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)03007-o
更新日期:1995-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term exposure to isoflurane may induce long-term developmental neurotoxicity and cognitive impairments in the neonatal brains. Trilobatin, a leaf extract from the Chinese traditional sweet tea Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd, possesses various biological properties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant prope...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2020.152537
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::For half of the 30-odd years that diacetyl-exposed workers have developed disabling lung disease, obliterative bronchiolitis was unrecognized as an occupational risk. Delays in its recognition as an occupational lung disease are attributable to the absence of a work-related temporal pattern of symptoms; failure to rec...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.009
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA), is an artificial estrogen initially produced for medical purposes but is today widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure-related reproductive disorders have been found, but recently it has also been suggested that BPA may be involved in obesity, diabetes, myocardial hypertroph...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.02.007
更新日期:2016-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Unfortunately, the principal routine toxicology methods employed for the safety assessment of new products are over 40 years old and rely primarily on histopathological evaluation. It is difficult to introduce newer immunotoxicology or molecular toxicology methods into toxicity assessment without extensive and time co...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03601-3
更新日期:1997-04-11 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:1-Bromopropane (1-BP) intoxication is associated with depression and cognitive and memory deficits. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1-BP suppresses neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which is involved in higher cerebral function, in adult rats. METHODS:Four groups of 12 male Wistar rats were expos...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.009
更新日期:2013-02-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endotoxin/LPS is ubiquitous in our environment. The question whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is beneficial or disease-promoting in relation to asthma and allergy has been raised in several recent studies. Some have reported a positive correlation between the level of LPS in house dust and the symptoms of as...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00078-7
更新日期:2003-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::This study compares changes in cardiopulmonary function, selected endpoints in exhaled breath, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) following a single, high-level 30-min nose-only exposure of rats to chlorine and phosgene gas. The time-course of lung injury was systematically examined up to 1-day post-exposur...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2014.10.010
更新日期:2014-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) on the nucleotide level in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rats was examined. Incubation of myocytes with the hydroperoxide resulted in loss of both ATP and NAD from mitochondria and cytosol. In contrast, only the cytosolic level of NADP was increased. The effect on myoc...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(95)03158-c
更新日期:1996-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of potassium cyanide on mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) in mouse brain was investigated in vivo and in vitro. When potassium cyanide (0, 0.1, 1.0 or 2.0 mM) was incubated with a crude mitochondria fraction prepared from mouse brain at 37 degrees C for 60 min, the damage of mtDNA was observed in a concentration-dep...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00244-5
更新日期:2002-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments were done in vivo to determine the effect of oxygen at high pressure (OHP) on NAD+ and NADH in mouse brain cortex. A 7% decrease (N.S.) in NADH was found in brain cortex from mice exposed to 6 atm of 100% oxygen for 8 min, while a 20% decrease (P less than 0.01) in cortical NADH, when compared to controls,...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(82)90014-2
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organophosphorus nerve agent soman is an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that can produce long-lasting seizures and brain damage in which the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and glutamate are involved. These same neurotransmitters play key-roles in the auditory function. It was then assumed that explor...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.024
更新日期:2007-09-05 00:00:00