Abstract：
:Acromegaly is a rare, chronic condition caused by growth hormone (GH) overproduction, usually due to a benign tumour of the pituitary gland. During the disease many complications occur, including cardiovascular disease and changes in the musculoskeletal, respiratory, and endocrine systems. Treatment includes surgery, medical therapy, and radiation. In this paper a literature review was conducted for information related to costs of management of acromegaly and its associated comorbidities using PubMed.The majority of total costs represent pharmacological treatment, especially the most common somatostatin analogues (SSA) therapy. The average reported annual cost of SSA therapy is EUR 12,000-40,000. Surgery reduces the cost of care via the possibility of avoiding lifelong pharmacological treatment. Radiotherapy is also suggested to lower the costs of therapy because about 60% of patients eventually will not require further pharmacological treatment; however, it is connected with negative outcomes like hypopituitarism, lower quality of life, and increased mortality. Cabergoline and pegvisomant are the lowest and highest priced treatments, respectively, but the overall impact on the cost of therapy is minor due to less frequent usage of these drugs. It is hard to fully estimate the impact of comorbidities of acromegaly on financial burden because patients are treated for them many years before the diagnosis of the underlying pathology. The treatment cost of comorbidities is higher in uncontrolled patients. Life-long treatment of acromegaly and its comorbidities is very expensive. Early diagnosis and successful treatment reduce direct and indirect costs.
journal_name
Endokrynol Poljournal_title
Endokrynologia Polskaauthors
Elbaum M,Mizera Ł,Bolanowski Mdoi
10.5603/EP.a2018.0080subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
74-85issue
1eissn
0423-104Xissn
2299-8306pii
VM/OJS/J/59152journal_volume
70pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION:The introduction of the DICOM format in all diagnostic imaging devices allowed co-registering SPECT, CT, MR and other types of biomedical imaging. Fusion can be performed by dedicated hybrid devices or by means of software. The fusion algorithm consists of two steps: coregistration and simultaneous visuali...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical manifestation of oncogenic osteomalacia includes bone pain, pathological fractures, general fatigue and muscle weakness. Such unspecific symptoms hinder the establishment of a proper diagnosis which very often requires long-lasting investigations with many diagnostic imaging methods. Here, we discuss di...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:NIS gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes 643 amino acid protein. It belongs to membrane Na+ dependent glucose symporter proteins family. In normal thyroid is located in basolateral membrane of thyreocyte. It plays a main role in concentrating of iodine in thyreocyte and thus in thyroid hormones synthesis. It w...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.2014.0070
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Increased interest in vitamin D measurements in clinical studies has contributed to the development in recent years of several new immunochemical assays (manual and for automatic analyzers). New methods, including HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), and LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled with tandem ma...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Surgery remains the most effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy (MIRP) is a common technique for detecting and excising abnormal parathyroid glands. The aim of this study was to compare injections of low-dose and high-dose (99m) Tc metho...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.a2017.0031
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing number of diseases which prevalence can be associated with vitamin D deficiency. The link between low cholecalciferol concentration and bone diseases is well established, however there is also data suggesting that it may influence development and progression of different cancers and autoimmune disea...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.a2020.0044
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis is a chronic disease of the osseous system characterised by decreased strength of bone tissue, which in turn leads to increased fracture risk. It has been demonstrated that osteoporosis affects more than 30% of women after the menopause (WHO, 1994). However, the disease is also observed in men. The primar...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.a2020.0064
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) is one of the most common abnormalities found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Measurement of serum PTH concentrations is crucial in diagnosis and treatment of sHPT. Different methods of serum PTH measurement may provide diverse results. This may have a si...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.2015.0028
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.a2019.0045
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypocalcemic response following the administration of 160 units of porcine calcitonin was investigated in 14 patients with bone lesions caused by myeloma and in 9 control subjects. Significant decrease in blood serum calcium level was found in 85 per cent of myeloma patients, both in those with osteolytic bone lesions...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Not required for Clinical Vignette. ...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5603/EP.a2020.0071
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Prolactin (PRL) exists in human blood in several molecular forms. Macroprolactin (MaPRL), which most often consists of monomeric PRL and immunoglobulin G, has the highest molecular weight but no biological activity. Immunoassays do not distinguish MaPRL from monomeric PRL, what can lead to an incorrect diagn...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.5603/EP.a2018.0010
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the large intestine account for 20% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and are most commonly found in the rectum. The rate of detection of colorectal NENs is increasing, and this tendency will continue due to the widespread use of colonoscopy as a screening tool and the removal of all d...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 共识发展会议,杂志文章,实务指引
doi：10.5603/EP.2013.0032
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are often used by athletes as doping agents. It is estimated that up to 25% of sportsmen using anabolic-androgenic steroids also take GH. Available data do not confirm the influence of GH or IGF-1 preparations on physical performance improvement. However, th...
journal_title：Endokrynologia Polska
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
