Strategic Planning Insights for Future Science-Driven Extravehicular Activity on Mars.

abstract：:Abstract We have developed a portable dual-wavelength laser fluorescence spectrometer as part of a multi-instrument optical probe to characterize mineral, organic, and microbial species in extreme environments. Operating at 405 and 532 nm, the instrument was originally designed for use by human explorers to produce a ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Groemer G,Sattler B,Weisleitner K,Hunger L,Kohstall C,Frisch A,Józefowicz M,Meszyński S,Storrie-Lombardi M,Bothe C,Boyd A,Dinkelaker A,Dissertori M,Fasching D,Fischer M,Föger D,Foresta L,Frischauf N,Fritsch L,Fuchs

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial contamination of human-tended spacecraft is unavoidable, making the study of microbial growth under space conditions essential for the preservation of astronauts' health and equipment integrity. Previous studies suggested that spaceflight conditions, such as microgravity, cause a range of physiological micro...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Garschagen LS,Mancinelli RL,Moeller R

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs older than ∼1 Gyr could have been in runaway greenhouses for several hundred million years following their formation due to the star's extended pre-main sequence phase, provided they form with abundant surface water. Such prolonged runaway greenhouses...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Luger R,Barnes R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Materials blasted into space from the surface of early Earth may preserve a unique record of our planet's early surface environment. Armstrong et al. (2002) pointed out that such materials, in the form of terrestrial meteorites, may exist on the Moon and be of considerable astrobiological interest if biomarkers from e...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Crawford IA,Baldwin EC,Taylor EA,Bailey JA,Tsembelis K

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two terrestrial environments that have been proposed as analogs for the iron oxide precipitation in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars include the Rio Tinto precipitates and southern Utah marble concretions. Samples of two typical Utah iron oxide concretions and iron oxide precipitates in contact with biofilms from R...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Souza-Egipsy V,Ormö J,Beitler Bowen B,Chan MA,Komatsu G

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We highlight the role of COSPAR and the scientific community in defining and updating the framework of planetary protection. Specifically, we focus on Mars "Special Regions," areas where strict planetary protection measures have to be applied before a spacecraft can explore them, given the existence of environmental c...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Rettberg P,Anesio AM,Baker VR,Baross JA,Cady SL,Detsis E,Foreman CM,Hauber E,Ori GG,Pearce DA,Renno NO,Ruvkun G,Sattler B,Saunders MP,Smith DH,Wagner D,Westall F

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Hayabusa2 mission successfully collected samples from the asteroid Ryugu last year and will return these to Earth in December 2020. It is anticipated that the samples will enable the analysis of terrestrially uncontaminated organic matter and minerals. Such analyses are in turn expected to elucidate the evolution ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Potiszil C,Tanaka R,Kobayashi K,Kunihiro T,Nakamura E

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern in many developed countries that school students are turning away from science. However, students may be choosing not to study science and dismissing the possibility of a scientific career because, in the junior secondary years, they gain a false view of science and the work of scientists. There is a ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Fergusson J,Oliver C,Walter MR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parro V,de Diego-Castilla G,Moreno-Paz M,Blanco Y,Cruz-Gil P,Rodríguez-Manfredi JA,Fernández-Remolar D,Gómez F,Gómez MJ,Rivas LA,Demergasso C,Echeverría A,Urtuvia VN,Ruiz-Bermejo M,García-Villadangos M,Postigo M,Sánchez-R

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Permafrost-affected soils are characterized by a high abundance and diversity of methanogenic communities, which are considered suitable model organisms for potential life on Mars. Methanogens from Siberian permafrost have been proven to be highly resistant against divers stress conditions such as subzero te...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Morozova D,Moeller R,Rettberg P,Wagner D

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Water, vital for life, not only maintains the integrity of structural and metabolic biomolecules, it also transports them in solution or colloidal suspension. Any flow of water through a dormant or fossilized microbial community elutes molecules that are potentially recognizable as biomarkers. We hypothesize that the ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Wynn-Williams DD,Cabrol NA,Grin EA,Haberle RM,Stoker CR

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria and similar organisms produced most of the oxygen found in Earth's atmosphere, which implies that early photosynthetic organisms would have lived in an atmosphere that was rich in CO2 and poor in O2. We investigated the tolerance of several cyanobacteria to very high (>20 kPa) concentrations of atmospher...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Thomas DJ,Sullivan SL,Price AL,Zimmerman SM

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lunar dust toxicity has to be evaluated in view of future manned missions to the Moon. Previous studies on lunar specimens and simulated dusts have revealed an oxidant activity assigned to HO· release. However, the mechanisms behind the reactivity of lunar dust are still quite unclear at the molecular level. In the pr...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Turci F,Corazzari I,Alberto G,Martra G,Fubini B

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the surface of Mars is an important factor that affects the survivability of microorganisms on Mars. The possibility of martian brines made from Fe2(SO4)3, MnSO4, and MgSO4 salts providing a habitable niche on Mars via attenuation of UV radiation was investigated on the bacteria Bacillu...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Godin PJ,Schuerger AC,Moores JE

更新日期：2020-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap provides guidance for research and technology development across the NASA enterprises that encompass the space, Earth, and biological sciences. The ongoing development of astrobiology roadmaps embodies the contributions of diverse scientists and technologists from government, universities...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Des Marais DJ,Allamandola LJ,Benner SA,Boss AP,Deamer D,Falkowski PG,Farmer JD,Hedges SB,Jakosky BM,Knoll AH,Liskowsky DR,Meadows VS,Meyer MA,Pilcher CB,Nealson KH,Spormann AM,Trent JD,Turner WW,Woolf NJ,Yorke HW

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:Fluid inclusions trapped in ancient halite can contain a community of halophilic prokaryotes and eukaryotes that inhabited the surface brines from which the halite formed. Long-term survival of bacteria and archaea and preservation of DNA have been reported from halite, but little is known about the distribu...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Wang J,Lowenstein TK,Fang X

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major discrepancies have been noted for some time between fossil ages and molecular divergence dates for a variety of taxa. Recently, systematic trends within avian clades have been uncovered. The trends show that the disparity is much larger for mitochondrial DNA than for nuclear DNA, also that it is larger for crown...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Melott AL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thermal springs Trollosen and Fisosen, located on the High Arctic archipelago Svalbard, discharge saline groundwaters rich in hydrogen sulfide and ammonium through a thick layer of permafrost. Large amounts of biomass that consist of filamentous microorganisms containing sulfur granules, as analyzed with energy di...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Reigstad LJ,Jorgensen SL,Lauritzen SE,Schleper C,Urich T

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron ox...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parenteau MN,Jahnke LL,Farmer JD,Cady SL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viability rates were determined for microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under the environmental stresses of low temperature (-35 degrees C), low-pressure conditions (83.3 kPa), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (37 W/m(2)). During the stress tests the organisms were suspended in saltwa...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Diaz B,Schulze-Makuch D

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We critically investigate some evolutionary aspects of the famous Drake equation, which is usually presented as the central guide for research on extraterrestrial intelligence. It is shown that the Drake equation tacitly relies on unverified assumptions on both the physicochemical history of our galaxy and the propert...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cirković MM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Planetary Society's Phobos Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment (Phobos LIFE) flew in the sample return capsule of the Russian Federal Space Agency's Phobos Grunt mission and was to have been a test of one aspect of the hypothesis that life can move between nearby planets within ejected rocks. Although the Phob...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Betts BH,Warmflash D,Fraze RE,Friedman L,Vorobyova E,Lilburn TG,Smith A,Rettberg P,Jönsson KI,Ciftcioglu N,Fox GE,Svitek T,Kirschvinck JL,Moeller R,Wassmann M,Berger T

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of potentially habitable planets around the ultracool dwarf star Trappist-1 naturally poses the question: could Trappist-1 planets be home to life? These planets orbit very close to the host star and are most susceptible to the UV radiation emitted by the intense and frequent flares of Trappist-1. Here, ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Estrela R,Palit S,Valio A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mars Program Plan includes an integrated and coordinated set of future candidate missions and investigations that meet fundamental science objectives of NASA and the Mars Exploration Program (MEP). At the time this paper was written, these possible future missions are planned in a manner consistent with a projecte...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Beegle LW,Wilson MG,Abilleira F,Jordan JF,Wilson GR

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To the astrobiologist, Enceladus offers easy access to a potential subsurface biosphere via the intermediacy of a plume of water emerging directly into space. A direct question follows: If we were to collect a sample of this plume, what in that sample, through its presence or its absence, would suggest the presence an...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Benner SA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation of microtubules in volcanic glass from subsurface environments has been widely attributed to in situ activity of micro-organisms, but evidence directly linking those structures to biological processes remains lacking. Investigations into the alternative possibility of abiotic tubule formation have been limit...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： McCollom TM,Donaldson C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Jökulhlaups are terrestrial catastrophic outfloods, often triggered by subglacial volcanic eruptions. Similar volcano-ice interactions were likely important on Mars where magma/lava may have interacted with the planet's cryosphere to produce catastrophic floods. As a potential analogue to sediments deposited during ma...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Warner NH,Farmer JD

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for organic biosignatures on Mars will depend on finding material protected from the destructive ambient radiation. Solar ultraviolet can induce photochemical degradation of organic compounds, but certain clays have been shown to preserve organic material. We examine how the SHERLOC instrument on the upcomi...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Razzell Hollis J,Fornaro T,Rapin W,Wade J,Vicente-Retortillo Á,Steele A,Bhartia R,Beegle LW

更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Du...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Popa R,Cimpoiasu VM

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review of material relevant to the Conference on Biosignature Preservation and Detection in Mars Analog Environments summarizes the meeting materials and discussions and is further expanded upon by detailed references to the published literature. From this diverse source material, there is a detailed discussion o...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Hays LE,Graham HV,Des Marais DJ,Hausrath EM,Horgan B,McCollom TM,Parenteau MN,Potter-McIntyre SL,Williams AJ,Lynch KL

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00