Abstract:
:Most children tolerate the first-line antibiotics used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) very well. The most common adverse effect is gastrointestinal distress unrelated to hepatotoxicity; the latter is seen in less than 1% of children. Despite the infrequency of hepatotoxicity, the potential long-term impact of hepatic insufficiency dictates that all children receiving antimycobacterial therapy should be evaluated periodically by symptom screening and physical examination. Routine measurement of transaminases in previously healthy, asymptomatic children is discouraged, as up to 40% of children will have transient, asymptomatic transaminase elevation that should not alter clinical management; measurement of serum liver enzymes is reserved for children who develop symptoms and those with existing liver disease or taking other potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Caregivers and personnel distributing directly-observed therapy need to be cognizant of potential drug toxicities and have a clear understanding of what to do if a child develops symptoms. There are substantial inter-patient variations in serum antibiotic concentrations when the same milligram per kilogram dose is given to different children of varying ages and sizes, reflecting differences in drug absorption and metabolism. While these variations may not impact the outcome of previously healthy children with mild disease, outcomes for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection or severe disease can be worse if sub-therapeutic drug concentrations are achieved. Therapeutic drug monitoring, wherein serum drug concentrations are used to optimize medication doses, should be considered for children with severe disease or if there is concern about alterations in drug absorption or metabolism.
journal_name
Indian J Pediatrjournal_title
Indian journal of pediatricsauthors
Cruz AT,Starke JRdoi
10.1007/s12098-019-02882-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-01 00:00:00pages
732-739issue
8eissn
0019-5456issn
0973-7693pii
10.1007/s12098-019-02882-yjournal_volume
86pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:The present study was conducted to evaluate physical growth and nutritional status of 214 school-going girls ranging in age from 5 to 12 years of rural area in Pauri Garhwal district of Uttaranchal. METHODS:Physical growth was evaluated using eleven standard anthropometric measurements viz., height, body wei...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02724181
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study is to assess the effect of diagnosis of cancer on the parents, to study the coping response adopted by the child and the family and to evolve counseling strategies. METHODS:Prospective questionnaire based. Thirty-four parents of children suffering from cancer were included, of which 15 ...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-007-0149-0
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Distinction between true and pseudo trail in lumbo-sacral region is important since treatment and prognosis are different. Fewer than 40 cases have been reported in literature. The authors report a case of true tail in a neonate, a rare event. ...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors describe a new case of the split notochord syndrome (SNS) with dorsal enteric fistula in an eight-month-old-boy. The child had also central nervous system anomalies including dysgenetic corpus callosum, absence of septum pellucidum, triventricular hydrocephalus, small posterior fossa, and lipomyelomeningoc...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02722716
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adrenal hemorrhage has many etiologies including bleeding diathesis. A 10-day-old female baby was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of abdominal distention. Hemorrhage was determined on the right adrenal gland with abdominal ultrasonography and computerized tomography. Laboratory investigations showed PT 44 se...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02723786
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to assess the functional aspects and the staffing at Pulse Polio immunisations posts. Interns and medical students conducted the survey in eighty seven pulse polio immunisation posts scattered all over National Capital Territory of Delhi on 18th January 1997. A pre-tested structured format con...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02730902
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of complications in thalassemia major are due mainly to iron overload. Deferoxamine in iron-overloaded patients has established that chelation therapy, when given at an adequate dose, reduces iron-related complications. Parenteral administration and the daily nuisance of an infusion pump hinder the opti...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12098-007-0134-7
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the largest program for promotion of maternal and child health and nutrition not only in India but in the whole world. The scheme was launched in 1975 in pursuance of the National Policy for Children. The scheme has expanded in the last twenty-seven years form...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02722688
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Jaundice is a common clinical problem in neonatal period which may result in brain damage even in healthy full term newborns, when it is severe. The aim of this study was to characterize the therapeutic effect of clofibrate in full term neonates who present with nonhemolytic jaundice. METHODS:A clinical cont...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s12098-007-0184-x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two cases of Wilson's disease with unusual features are reported. In one case neurological abnormality was the presenting feature without any clinical involvement of the liver. In the other case, neurologic manifestations were associated with rickets and cholelithiasis, a result of chronic hemolytic state. Apart from ...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02830841
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relationship of breakfast intake with psychiatric distress and violent behaviors among Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS:This national survey was conducted among 14,880 students, aged 6-18 y. They were selected by stratified multistage sampling method from urban and rural areas of 30 pr...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-016-2049-7
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic infection in the newborn is the commonest cause of neonatal mortality. Data from National Neonatal Perinatal Database 2000 suggest that Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus are the commonest causes of neonatal sepsis in India. Two forms of clinical presentations have been identified. Early onset se...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02722932
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Other investigators have found that in adults the Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) to be 1.1 g/dl or greater in the presence of portal hypertension (PTHN) and less than that in its absence. We sought to determine the correlation between the level of SAAG and the complications of PTHN, manifested by the presence o...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02723242
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incidence of allergic disorders in children has increased significantly over time due to environmental and life-style changes. These include allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, food allergies, bronchial asthma, drug allergies, insect bites and anaphylaxis; most being IgE-mediated type 1 hype...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12098-017-2436-8
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the utility of CSF Xpert MTB/RIF (GeneXpert) in diagnosis of tubercular meningitis in children in the age group of 2 mo to 12 y. METHODS:This hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubli from Decem...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-019-03032-0
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::India recognized the importance of improving the health and nutritional status of children, and initiated steps to improve access to nutrition and health services soon after independence. Over the years, the infrastructure and human resources for manning the health and nutrition services have been built up and current...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0038-9
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GAS) sore throat primarily occurs among children in 5-15 years age group, and if not treated appropriately causes rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease (RF/RHD). Present study was aimed at validation of a clinical scoring system for diagnosis of GAS. METHODS:Five hundr...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02722644
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory investigations are an integral part of evaluation of a child with rheumatic disease. In rheumatic diseases markers of inflammation like CRP and erythrocyte sedimentation are usually raised. In addition, various autoantibodies like anti-nuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibod...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02723714
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epilepsy is a common childhood neurological morbidity needs careful evaluation, relevant investigations and precise therapy with appropriate antiepileptic drugs for optimal duration. Majority of childhood epilepsy remits with antiepileptic drugs and should be managed in the community. Practising pediatricians must cou...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02723743
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in diagnosis and treatment along with improved supportive care have contributed to the current survival rates for pediatric malignancies. Recent concept of a truly "cured child" in pediatric oncology envisages not only a biological cure of the disease but a child on par with peers in growth and development ph...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02723807
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s12098-018-2771-4
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Training in the primary-care child and adolescent mental health should take into consideration the local milieu, national health care education and development. It should aim to improve the mental health knowledge, competency as well as develop professional relationships between various primary, secondary and tertiary...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12098-011-0429-6
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutropenic enterocolitis is a common gastrointestinal complication in children undergoing chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies. It usually involves ileum and caecum, and involvement of rectum has rarely been reported. The authors report neutropenic enterocolitis in a child undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymp...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-011-0506-x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of R501X mutation of Filaggrin gene in children with allergic diseases. METHODS:Ninety patients recruited from Allergy and Asthma clinic of Advanced Pediatric Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh and 81 healthy controls from local schools matched for age, gender and BMI were enroled in the ...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03231-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental disabilities (DD) are defined as a diverse group of severe chronic conditions due to mental and/or physical impairments. Individuals with developmental disabilities have difficulty with major life activities including language, mobility, and learning. Developmental disabilities can begin anytime during d...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02731671
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::With improved survival of very low birth infants in India, Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is emerging as a significant problem. The most important risk factor in the pathogenesis of ROP is prematurity. Other factors like, problems with oxygenation frequent blood transfusions, sepsis and apnea have also been implicat...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12098-008-0011-z
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An 11-mo-old infant received 12.5 times the maximum therapeutic dose of amlodipine as a result of a medication error in lieu of amoxicillin. He presented with vomiting, lethargy, breathlessness, muffled heart sounds and progressed to hypotensive shock within three hours of admission. He received mechanical ventilation...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0861-2
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are 10 steps to consider in any research study. These steps can be used to perform a critical appraisal of a published paper, or to design your study in the first place. The use of a simple system such as this can ensure that biases in study design are avoided and that an appropriate study is developed. (1) What...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02802638
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the neural tube defects incidence of spinabifida and myelomeningocele is less in twins compared to singletons. This article reports a case of dizygotic twins with myelomeningocele, a rare occurrence. Possible association of twining and neural tube defects and its impact on genetic counseling in such cases has be...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02725595
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated four children with rounded densities on their chest radiographs in whom the final diagnosis was presumed to be lower respiratory tract infection. The differential diagnose between round pneumonia and a neoplastic process is difficult to make. In this report, all of cases of round pneumonia have resolved c...
journal_title:Indian journal of pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12098-008-0085-7
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00