Conservation charities top citation charts.

abstract：:The development of a eutherian mammal as a male is a consequence of testis formation in the embryo, which is thought to be initiated by a gene on the Y chromosome. In the absence of this gene, ovaries are formed and female characteristics develop. Sex determination therefore hinges on the action of this testis-determi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koopman P,Münsterberg A,Capel B,Vivian N,Lovell-Badge R

更新日期：1990-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The reversal or displacement of the retinal image by prism spectacles leads to extreme disruption of visually guided behaviour, but after an extended period of visual transformation normal behaviour is gradually restored. It is unclear whether this adaptation involves a change in visual perception, the learning of new...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sugita Y

更新日期：1996-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to design proteins with high affinity and selectivity for any given small molecule is a rigorous test of our understanding of the physiochemical principles that govern molecular recognition. Attempts to rationally design ligand-binding proteins have met with little success, however, and the computational d...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tinberg CE,Khare SD,Dou J,Doyle L,Nelson JW,Schena A,Jankowski W,Kalodimos CG,Johnsson K,Stoddard BL,Baker D

更新日期：2013-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of information between tyrosine kinase and G-protein-mediated pathways is necessary, but remains poorly understood. Here we use cells from transgenic mice harbouring inducible expression of RNA antisense to the gene encoding G ialpha2 to show that G ialpha2 is critical for insulin action. G ialpha2 deficie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moxham CM,Malbon CC

更新日期：1996-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-replication has been demonstrated in synthetic chemical systems based on oligonucleotides, peptides and complementary molecules without natural analogues. However, within a living cell virtually no molecule catalyses its own formation, and the search for chemical systems in which both auto- and cross-catalysis ca...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yao S,Ghosh I,Zutshi R,Chmielewski J

更新日期：1998-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A model catalyst is described which has properties in common with carbonic anhydrase. The model demonstrates the availability of a mechanism, previously only hypothetical, for the action of the enzyme. It also shows, however, that this mechanism alone is not adequate to produce the high activity of the enzyme. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Woolley P

更新日期：1975-12-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is an early-onset form of Parkinson's disease characterized by motor disturbances and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. To address its underlying molecular pathogenesis, we generated and characterized loss-of-function mutants of Drosophila PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Park J,Lee SB,Lee S,Kim Y,Song S,Kim S,Bae E,Kim J,Shong M,Kim JM,Chung J

更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Patterning matter on the nanometre scale is an important objective of current materials chemistry and physics. It is driven by both the need to further miniaturize electronic components and the fact that at the nanometre scale, materials properties are strongly size-dependent and thus can be tuned sensitively. In nano...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alivisatos AP,Johnsson KP,Peng X,Wilson TE,Loweth CJ,Bruchez MP Jr,Schultz PG

更新日期：1996-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vörösmarty CJ,McIntyre PB,Gessner MO,Dudgeon D,Prusevich A,Green P,Glidden S,Bunn SE,Sullivan CA,Liermann CR,Davies PM

更新日期：2010-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy has revealed new classes of physical, chemical and biological reactions, in which directed, deterministic motions of atoms have a key role. This contrasts with the random, diffusive motion of atoms across activation barriers that typically determines kinetic rates on slower...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rousse A,Rischel C,Fourmaux S,Uschmann I,Sebban S,Grillon G,Balcou P,Förster E,Geindre JP,Audebert P,Gauthier JC,Hulin D

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Change history: In this Letter, the final two pages of the Supplementary Information, which included two tables listing primer and antibodies, respectively, were missing; see accompanying Amendment for the missing Supplementary Tables. This Letter has not been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wculek SK,Malanchi I

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The paired helical filament (PHF) is the major component of the neurofibrillary deposits that form a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. PHFs are composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, in a hyperphosphorylated state. Hyperphosphorylation of tau results in its inability to bind to...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goedert M,Jakes R,Spillantini MG,Hasegawa M,Smith MJ,Crowther RA

更新日期：1996-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Information--be it classical or quantum--is measured by the amount of communication needed to convey it. In the classical case, if the receiver has some prior information about the messages being conveyed, less communication is needed. Here we explore the concept of prior quantum information: given an unknown quantum ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Horodecki M,Oppenheim J,Winter A

更新日期：2005-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to confine and store optical energy in small volumes has implications in fields ranging from cavity quantum electrodynamics to photonics. Of all cavity geometries, micrometre-sized dielectric spherical resonators are the best in terms of their ability to store energy for long periods of time within small v...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Spillane SM,Kippenberg TJ,Vahala KJ

更新日期：2002-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is an important part of the limbic system in the human brain that has essential roles in spatial navigation and the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory1,2. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-se...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhong S,Ding W,Sun L,Lu Y,Dong H,Fan X,Liu Z,Chen R,Zhang S,Ma Q,Tang F,Wu Q,Wang X

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by reward or sensory stimuli predicting reward. These excitatory responses increase as the reward value increases. This response property has led to a hypothesis that dopamine neurons encode value-related signals and are inhibited by aversive events. Here we show that this is tr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsumoto M,Hikosaka O

更新日期：2009-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:As the first line of defence against pathogens, cells mount an innate immune response, which varies widely from cell to cell. The response must be potent but carefully controlled to avoid self-damage. How these constraints have shaped the evolution of innate immunity remains poorly understood. Here we characterize the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hagai T,Chen X,Miragaia RJ,Rostom R,Gomes T,Kunowska N,Henriksson J,Park JE,Proserpio V,Donati G,Bossini-Castillo L,Vieira Braga FA,Naamati G,Fletcher J,Stephenson E,Vegh P,Trynka G,Kondova I,Dennis M,Haniffa M,No

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was the first enzyme to have its three-dimensional structure determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. A catalytic mechanism, featuring a long-lived oxocarbenium-ion intermediate, was proposed on the basis of model-building studies. The 'Phillips' mechanism is widely held as the paradig...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vocadlo DJ,Davies GJ,Laine R,Withers SG

更新日期：2001-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms desired limb trajectories into motor comm...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thoroughman KA,Shadmehr R

更新日期：2000-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The classical view of fast chemical synaptic transmission is that released neurotransmitter acts locally on postsynaptic receptors and is cleared from the synaptic cleft within a few milliseconds by diffusion and by specific reuptake mechanisms. This rapid clearance restricts the spread of neurotransmitter and, combin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scanziani M,Salin PA,Vogt KE,Malenka RC,Nicoll RA

更新日期：1997-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The selection and design of modern high-performance structural engineering materials is driven by optimizing combinations of mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, toughness, elasticity and requirements for predictable and graceful (non-catastrophic) failure in service. Highly processable bulk metallic gla...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hofmann DC,Suh JY,Wiest A,Duan G,Lind ML,Demetriou MD,Johnson WL

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The factors driving glacial changes in ocean overturning circulation are not well understood. On the basis of a comparison of 20 climate variables over the past four glacial cycles, the SPECMAP project proposed that summer insolation at high northern latitudes (that is, Milankovitch forcing) drives the same sequence o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lisiecki LE,Raymo ME,Curry WB

更新日期：2008-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes containing mature trophozoites and schizonts sequester along venular endothelium and are not in the peripheral circulation of patients with malaria. Knobs appear on infected erythrocytes and are the points of attachment to endothelium. Sequestration may protect the parasite ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Roberts DD,Sherwood JA,Spitalnik SL,Panton LJ,Howard RJ,Dixit VM,Frazier WA,Miller LH,Ginsburg V

更新日期：1985-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical to electrical energy (and vice versa), are crucial in medical imaging, telecommunication and ultrasonic devices. A new generation of single-crystal materials, such as Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), exhibit a piezoelectric effect ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fu H,Cohen RE

更新日期：2000-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Diatoms dominate the biomass of phytoplankton in nutrient-rich conditions and form the basis of some of the world's most productive marine food webs. The diatom nuclear genome contains genes with bacterial and plastid origins as well as genes of the secondary endosymbiotic host (the exosymbiont), yet little is known a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Allen AE,Dupont CL,Oborník M,Horák A,Nunes-Nesi A,McCrow JP,Zheng H,Johnson DA,Hu H,Fernie AR,Bowler C

更新日期：2011-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis thaliana protein UVR8 is a photoreceptor for ultraviolet-B. Upon ultraviolet-B irradiation, UVR8 undergoes an immediate switch from homodimer to monomer, which triggers a signalling pathway for ultraviolet protection. The mechanism by which UVR8 senses ultraviolet-B remains largely unknown. Here we rep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wu D,Hu Q,Yan Z,Chen W,Yan C,Huang X,Zhang J,Yang P,Deng H,Wang J,Deng X,Shi Y

更新日期：2012-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic transmission is maintained by a delicate, sub-synaptic molecular architecture, and even mild alterations in synapse structure drive functional changes during experience-dependent plasticity and pathological disorders. Key to this architecture is how the distribution of presynaptic vesicle fusion sites corresp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tang AH,Chen H,Li TP,Metzbower SR,MacGillavry HD,Blanpied TA

更新日期：2016-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Japan's Ministry of Health will fund a major new heart transplantation project in an effort to resume heart transplants halted by a public outcry against the first such transplant 17 years ago. Opposition to organ donation, which has been attributed variously to Buddhist and Confucian views of the body and to Japanes...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Anderson A

更新日期：1985-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The structure of the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor has been determined at 3.2 A resolution. This domain contains an extended N-terminal arm and five alpha-helices. Model-building studies of the repressor-operator complex suggest that alpha-helices, especially the N-terminal parts of these helices, ma...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pabo CO,Lewis M

更新日期：1982-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenoty...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ozgul A,Childs DZ,Oli MK,Armitage KB,Blumstein DT,Olson LE,Tuljapurkar S,Coulson T

更新日期：2010-07-22 00:00:00