Abstract：
:The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream signals in both normal physiological and pathological conditions, especially in cancer. Aberrant mTOR signaling resulting from genetic alterations from different levels of the signal cascade is commonly observed in various types of cancers. Upon hyperactivation, mTOR signaling promotes cell proliferation and metabolism that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. In addition, mTOR also negatively regulates autophagy via different ways. We discuss mTOR signaling and its key upstream and downstream factors, the specific genetic changes in the mTOR pathway and the inhibitors of mTOR applied as therapeutic strategies in eight solid tumors. Although monotherapy and combination therapy with mTOR inhibitors have been extensively applied in preclinical and clinical trials in various cancer types, innovative therapies with better efficacy and less drug resistance are still in great need, and new biomarkers and deep sequencing technologies will facilitate these mTOR targeting drugs benefit the cancer patients in personalized therapy.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Tian T,Li X,Zhang Jdoi
10.3390/ijms20030755subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-11 00:00:00issue
3issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20030755journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Studies, including ours, have shown that pro-oxidative stressors, such as chemotherapeutic agents, generate oxidized lipids with agonistic platelet-activating factor (PAF) activity. Importantly, recent reports have implicated that these PAF-agonists are transported extracellularly via microvesicle particles (MVPs). Wh...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20010032
更新日期：2018-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Salivary gland dysfunction induces salivary flow reduction and a dry mouth, and commonly involves oral dysfunction, tooth structure deterioration, and infection through reduced salivation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of aging on the salivary gland by a metabolomics approach in an extensive aging mouse m...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22010404
更新日期：2021-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrinsically disordered proteins mediate crucial biological functions through their interactions with other proteins. Mutual synergistic folding (MSF) occurs when all interacting proteins are disordered, folding into a stable structure in the course of the complex formation. In these cases, the folding and binding pr...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20215460
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteinuria is a marker of incipient kidney injury in many disorders, including obesity. Previously, we demonstrated that megalin, a receptor endocytotic protein in the proximal tubule, is downregulated in obese mice, which was prevented by inhibition of dipeptidyl protease 4 (DPP4). Obesity is thought to be associate...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17050780
更新日期：2016-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are heterogeneous, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted T lymphocytes that have acquired the expression of several natural killer (NK) cell surface markers following the addition of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), OKT3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Treatment with CIK cells demo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21093078
更新日期：2020-04-27 00:00:00
abstract：:The initiative strategy for the development of novel anti-microbial agents usually uses the virulence factors of bacteria as a target, without affecting their growth and survival. The type III secretion system (T3SS), one of the essential virulence factors in most Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria because of its highl...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20040971
更新日期：2019-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are synthetic mimics of natural oligonucleotides, which bind complementary DNA/RNA strands with high sequence specificity. They display numerous advantages, but in vivo applications are still rare. One of the main drawbacks of PNAs application is the poor cellular uptake that could be over...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20205127
更新日期：2019-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress plays a key role for the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disease. This concept has been proven by using the approach of genetic deletion of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) producing, pro-oxidant enzymes as well as by the overexpression of RONS detoxifying, a...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21103405
更新日期：2020-05-12 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been no major improvements in the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients in recent decades. Even though more accurate surgery and more effective treatments are available, the mortality rate remains high. Given the differences in origin and the heterogeneity of these tumors, research to elucidate the si...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18081658
更新日期：2017-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most prevalent and important pathogens of soybean, which produces 11 proteins, and the third protein, P3, was suggested to be involved in virus movement and replication, as well as host infection. During the virus infection, host proteins are essential in the virus cycle. Howev...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20143388
更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:To further investigate the regulation role of two chemokine genes CCL3 and CCL4 in chondrocytes in response to resistin, human primary chondrocytes and T/C-28a2 cells were cultured. The function of resistin on the chemokine genes, and the expression of C/EBPβ, NF-κB isoforms were tested using qPCR. The methods used to...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151017242
更新日期：2014-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:A correlation between gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation and gut hormones has reported that inflammatory stimuli including bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 induces high levels of incretin hormone leading to glucose dysregulation. Although incretin hormones are immediately secreted...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20102537
更新日期：2019-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Ganoderma lucidum is widely recognized as a medicinal basidiomycete. It was previously reported that the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could induce the biosynthesis of ganoderic acids (GAs), which are the main active ingredients of G. lucidum. However, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20246116
更新日期：2019-12-04 00:00:00
abstract：:For the past 20 years, we have witnessed an unprecedented and, indeed, rather miraculous event of how cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the naturally originated penetrating enhancers, help overcome the membrane barrier that has hindered the access of bio-macromolecular compounds such as genes and proteins into cells, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17111892
更新日期：2016-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A bacterial strain EMS with the capability of degrading microcystins (MCs) was isolated from Lake Taihu, China. The bacterium was tentatively identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp. The bacterium could completely consume MC-LR and MC-RR within 24 hours at a concentration of 0.7 microg/mL and 1.7 microg/mL, respectively. ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms11030896
更新日期：2010-03-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to elucidate the detailed mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced auditory cell death based on the function of the initiator caspases and molecular complex of necroptosis. Here, we demonstrated that ER stress initiates not only caspase-9-dependent intrinsic apoptosis along with ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20235896
更新日期：2019-11-24 00:00:00
abstract：:WRKY transcription factors constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, and play crucial roles in plant growth and development, defense regulation and stress responses. However, knowledge about this family in maize is limited. In the present study, we identified a drought-induced WRKY gene, Z...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19103046
更新日期：2018-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Genistein, daidzein, glycitein and quercetin are flavonoids present in soybean and other vegetables in high amounts. These flavonoids can be metabolically converted to more active forms, which may react with guanine in the DNA to form complexes and can lead to DNA depurination. We assumed two ultimate carcinogen forms...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13021269
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to relocate their resources including energy to defend invading organisms; as a result, plant growth and development are usually reduced. Arabidopsis signal responsive1 (AtSR1) has been documented as a negative regulator of plant immune responses and could serve as a pos...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19061764
更新日期：2018-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple evidence in animal models and in humans suggest a beneficial role of cold physical plasma in wound treatment. Yet, risk assessment studies are important to further foster therapeutic advancement and acceptance of cold plasma in clinics. Accordingly, we investigated the longterm side effects of repetitive plas...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18040868
更新日期：2017-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) is a promising treatment for a number of cancers. Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) are considered to be major cytotoxic immunologic effector cells. Usually cancer cells are able to suppress antitumor responses by secreting immunosuppressive factors. CIKs have significant antit...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20174307
更新日期：2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse f...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms140918999
更新日期：2013-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of cheaper and recyclable biomaterials (like eggshells) to synthesize high purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) with better properties (small particle size, large surface area and pore volume) for applications (in environmental remediation, bone augmentation and replacement, and drug delivery systems) is vital since hi...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms16047960
更新日期：2015-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Phytochelatins (PCs) play an important role in detoxification of heavy metals in plants. PCs are synthesized from glutathione by phytochelatin synthase (PCS), a dipeptidyltransferase. Sesbania rostrata is a tropical legume plant that can tolerate high concentrations of Cd and Zn. In this study, the S. rostrata PCS gen...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms10083269
更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of mammalian cell growth, and is essential for the formation of two structurally and functionally distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 can sense multiple cues such as nutrients, energy status, growth factors and hormones to control cell growth ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17101636
更新日期：2016-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell therapy is an innovative strategy for tissue repair, since adult stem cells could have limited regenerative ability as in the case of myocardial damage. This leads to a local contractile dysfunction due to scar formation. For these reasons, refining strategy approaches for "in vitro" stem cell commitment, prepara...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082324
更新日期：2018-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic sclerosis is a rare chronic heterogenous disease that involves inflammation and vasculopathy, and converges in end-stage development of multisystem tissue fibrosis. The loss of tight spatial distribution and temporal expression of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) leads to progressive organ stiffenin...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21134776
更新日期：2020-07-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrazine, a member of the 2-chloro-s-triazine family of herbicides, is the most widely used pesticide in the world and often detected in agriculture watersheds. Although it was generally considered as an endocrine disruptor, posing a potential threat to human health, the molecular mechanisms of atrazine effects remain...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151017806
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of dementia in the elderly. An important pathological feature in AD is the aggregation and deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) in extracellular plaques. Transthyretin (TTR) can cleave Aβ, resulting in the formation of short peptides with less activity...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21239003
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro plant regeneration addresses basic questions of molecular reprogramming in the absence of embryonic positional cues. The process is highly dependent on the genotype and explant characteristics. However, the regulatory mechanisms operating during organ differentiation from in vitro cultures remain largely unkn...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092079
更新日期：2019-04-27 00:00:00
