Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Smoking remains the most important avoidable cause of global mortality. Even though the number of cigarette smokers declines in first world countries, the uses of alternative nicotine delivery products increase and may even surpass the sells of cigarettes. In this light, the explicit role of nicotine in the development of cardiovascular diseases should be elucidated. OBJECTIVES:This narrative review attempts to connect current literature about possible effects of nicotine on the environment of the vasculature to the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, focusing on the tunica media of the vessel wall. METHODS:For this review, papers found on Pubmed and Medline until December 2018 by searching for the keywords nicotine, vascular calcification, oxidative stress, osteoblastic transdifferentiation and matrix degradation were considered. RESULTS:Nicotine creates an environment that probably facilitates and maybe even induces osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMC by inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species. This process is believed to be a key event in calcification of the tunica media of the vessel wall. Furthermore, nicotine could lead to the formation of nucleation sites for hydroxyapatite by facilitating matrix vesicles and extracellular matrix degradation. CONCLUSIONS:There is a growing body of evidence implicating that nicotine alone could impair vascular function and lead to vascular calcification. Further research is necessary to elucidate the explicit influence of nicotine on arteriosclerosis.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Investjournal_title
European journal of clinical investigationauthors
Babic M,Schuchardt M,Tölle M,van der Giet Mdoi
10.1111/eci.13077subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-04-01 00:00:00pages
e13077issue
4eissn
0014-2972issn
1365-2362journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Factors affecting erythrocyte K+ content and plasma electrolytes during light exercise were examined in 8 normal subjects and 27 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. The patients were classified into bronchitis, emphysema and intermediate groups. Arterial blood was obtained during rest, after 2, 5, and 7 mi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1975.tb00469.x
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abstract：BACKGROUND:Variation of percentageCD4+ T cells may accurately reflects the kinetics of a comprehensive immune recovery independently of the antiretroviral (ART) regimen. To test this we have investigated the relationship among peripheral blood T-cell subsets with the variation of percentageCD4+ T cells during follow up...
journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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doi：10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01168.x
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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doi：10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00438.x
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01069.x
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01771.x
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01094.x
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1995.tb01723.x
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2362.1996.132283.x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1986.tb01322.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1979.tb00897.x
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doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1978.tb00868.x
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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doi：10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02373.x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：European journal of clinical investigation
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更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
