Factors associated with preterm birth: from logistic regression to structural equation modeling.

Abstract:

:This study proposed the application of structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate variables associated with preterm birth based on a theoretical model analyzed previously by hierarchical logistic regression. The data came from a population-based case-control observational study of hospital births to mothers residing in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil (June 2006 to March 2007). For the SEM, the study considered the association between socioeconomic characteristics and psychosocial aspects pertaining to reproductive history, work and physical activity, complications during the pregnancy, and fetal characteristics. It also considered the relationship between these associations and the outcome preterm birth mediated by adequacy of prenatal care. The weighted least square mean and variance adjusted estimator (WLSMV) was used for categorical data and robust maximum likelihood (MLR) for odds ratios. Three latent variables were created: socioeconomic vulnerability, family vulnerability, and unwanted pregnancy. The effect of socioeconomic and family vulnerability and unwanted pregnancy on prematurity occurred indirectly through inadequacy of prenatal care. The proposed methodology allowed using constructs, verifying the role of mediation by inadequacy of prenatal care, and identifying the variables' direct and indirect effects on the outcome preterm birth. :O estudo propôs a aplicação da modelagem com equações estruturais (MEE) para estudar variáveis associadas ao nascimento pré-termo com base em um modelo teórico analisado previamente pela regressão logística hierarquizada. Os dados foram provenientes da pesquisa observacional do tipo caso-controle populacional sobre nascidos vivos hospitalares de mães residentes em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil (junho de 2006 a março de 2007). Para a MEE foi considerada a associação de características socioeconômicas e aspectos psicossociais sobre história reprodutiva, trabalho e atividade física, intercorrências durante a gestação e características fetais. Considerou-se, ainda, a relação dessas associações sobre o desfecho nascimento pré-termo mediado pela adequação da assistência pré-natal. Foram utilizados estimadores de mínimos quadrados ajustados pela média e variância (WLSMV), para dados categóricos, e a máxima verossimilhança robusta (MLR), para obter razões de chances. Foram criadas três variáveis latentes: vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, vulnerabilidade familiar e não aceitação da gravidez. O efeito da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, da família e da não aceitação da gravidez sobre a prematuridade ocorreu de modo indireto por meio da inadequação da assistência pré-natal. A metodologia proposta possibilitou utilizar construtos, verificar o papel de mediação da inadequação da assistência pré-natal e identificar efeitos diretos e indiretos das variáveis sobre o desfecho nascimento pré-termo. :Este estudio propuso la aplicación de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para investigar las variables asociadas con el parto prematuro basándose en un modelo teórico previamente analizado mediante regresión logística jerárquica. Los datos provienen de un estudio observacional de casos y controles de base poblacional de nacidos vivos en hospitales de madres que residen en Londrina, estado de Paraná, Brasil (junio de 2006 a marzo de 2007). Para el SEM, el estudio consideró la asociación entre las características socioeconómicas y los aspectos psicosociales relacionados con el historial reproductivo, el trabajo y la actividad física, las complicaciones durante el embarazo y las características fetales. También consideró la relación entre estas asociaciones y el parto prematuro mediado por la adecuación de la atención prenatal. Se utilizó el estimador de los mínimos cuadrados ponderados ajustados por la media y variancia (WLSMV) para datos categóricos y la probabilidad máxima robusta (MLR) para los odds ratios. Se crearon tres variables latentes: vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, vulnerabilidad familiar y embarazo no deseado. El efecto de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica y familiar y el embarazo no deseado en la prematuridad ocurrió indirectamente por la insuficiencia de la atención prenatal. La metodología propuesta permitió usar constructos, verificar el papel de la mediación por la insuficiencia de la atención prenatal e identificar los efectos directos e indirectos de las variables sobre el resultado “parto prematuro”.

journal_name

Cad Saude Publica

authors

Oliveira AA,Almeida MF,Silva ZPD,Assunção PL,Silva AMR,Santos HGD,Alencar GP

doi

10.1590/0102-311X00211917

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-01-21 00:00:00

pages

e00211917

issue

1

eissn

0102-311X

issn

1678-4464

pii

S0102-311X2019000104001

journal_volume

35

pub_type

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