Abstract：
:Malignancy often arises from sophisticated defects in the intricate molecular mechanisms of cells, rendering a complicated molecular ground to effectively target cancers. Resistance toward cell death and enhancement of cell survival are the common adaptations in cancer due to its infinite proliferative capacity. Existing cancer treatment strategies that target a single molecular pathway or cancer hallmark fail to fully resolve the problem. Hence, multitargeted anticancer agents that can concurrently target cell death and survival pathways are seen as a promising alternative to treat cancer. Tocotrienols, a minor constituent of the vitamin E family that have previously been reported to induce various cell death mechanisms and target several key survival pathways, could be an effective anticancer agent. This review puts forward the potential application of tocotrienols as an anticancer treatment from a perspective of influencing the life or death decision of cancer cells. The cell death mechanisms elicited by tocotrienols, particularly apoptosis and autophagy, are highlighted. The influences of several cell survival signaling pathways in shaping cancer cell death, particularly NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and Wnt, are also reviewed. This review may stimulate further mechanistic researches and foster clinical applications of tocotrienols via rational drug designs.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Tham SY,Loh HS,Mai CW,Fu JYdoi
10.3390/ijms20020372subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-16 00:00:00issue
2issn
1422-0067pii
ijms20020372journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In this review we discuss the development of paramagnetic liposomes incorporating MRI contrast agents and show how these are utilized in cellular imaging in vitro. Bi-functional, bi-modal imaging paramagnetic liposome systems are also described. Next we discuss the upgrading of paramagnetic liposomes into bi-modal ima...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms11041759
更新日期：2010-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulation of glycogen in the kidney and liver is the main feature of Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome (FBS), a rare disorder of carbohydrate metabolism inherited in an autosomal recessive manner due to SLC2A2 gene mutations. Missense, nonsense, frame-shift (fs), in-frame indels, splice site, and compound heterozygous varian...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21176286
更新日期：2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) is implicated in many cellular functions, including cell proliferation and differentiation, thus exerting potential antitumor effects. A major limitation for therapeutic use of 1,25D3 are potent calcemic activities. Therefore, synthetic analogs of 1,25D3 for use in anticancer therapy ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20174183
更新日期：2019-08-26 00:00:00
abstract：:With a global incidence of 1.8 million cases, colorectal cancer represents one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite impressive improvements in treatment efficacy through cytotoxic and biological agents, the cancer-related death burden of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still high. mCRC is not a genetic...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21239001
更新日期：2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial pathogens expose on the cell surface a variety of complex carbohydrate molecules. Gram-negative bacteria produce lipopolysaccharides, which are the main components of the outer membrane of bacterial envelopes and play a major role in host-pathogen interactions. B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchisepti...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms22031029
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Multinucleated osteoclasts differentiate from hematopoietic progenitors of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Because of its pivotal role in bone resorption, regulation of osteoclast differentiation is a potential therapeutic approach to the treatment of erosive bone disease. In this study, we have found that fucoidan, ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms151018840
更新日期：2014-10-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was encapsulated into liposomes in order to protect it from enzyme degradation in vivo and promote its permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, GDNF conventional liposomes (GDNF-L) and GDNF target sterically stabilized liposomes (GDNF-SSL-T) w...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15033612
更新日期：2014-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Chondrocyte dysfunction occurs during the development of osteoarthritis (OA), typically resulting from a deleterious increase in oxidative stress. Accordingly, strategies for arresting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction may lead to new potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment. Forkhead box O (FoxO)...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19123794
更新日期：2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:High levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the phospholipids of mammalian brain have generated increasing interest in the search for its role in regulating brain functions. Recent studies have provided evidence for enhanced protective effects when DHA is administered in combination with phytochemicals, such as querc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20040932
更新日期：2019-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Development of antivirals has focused primarily on vaccines and on treatments for specific viral agents. Although effective, these approaches may be limited in situations where the etiologic agent is unknown or when the target virus has undergone mutation, recombination or reassortment. Augmentation of the innate immu...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms9091561
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large superfamily of cell-surface signaling proteins that bind extracellular ligands and transduce signals into cells via heterotrimeric G proteins. GPCRs are highly tractable drug targets. Aberrant expression of GPCRs and G proteins has been observed in various cancers and th...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17050707
更新日期：2016-05-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The normal cellular isoform of prion protein, designated PrPC, is constitutively converted to the abnormally folded, amyloidogenic isoform, PrPSc, in prion diseases, which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy in animals. PrPC is a membrane glycoprotein consisting...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21176233
更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an invasive species and the most economically important pest within the insect order Thysanoptera. For a better understanding of the genetic makeup and migration patterns of F. occidentalis throughout the world, we characterized 18 novel polymorphic ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13032863
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular motors are microtubule-based proteins which contribute to many cell functions, such as intracellular transportation and cell division. The details of the nature of the mutual interactions between motors and microtubules still needs to be extensively explored. However, electrostatic interaction is known as on...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144935
更新日期：2020-07-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Following the physiological complementary/parallel Celis-Plá et al., by inhibiting extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and cytokinin specific binding protein (p38), we assessed the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway in detoxification responses mediate...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20184546
更新日期：2019-09-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Exceptionally long-lived individuals (ELLI) who are the focus of many healthy longevity studies around the globe are now being studied in Israel. The Israeli Multi-Ethnic Centenarian Study (IMECS) cohort is utilized here for assessment of various DNA methylation clocks. Thorough phenotypic characterization and whole b...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21020615
更新日期：2020-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication betwee...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms22010238
更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of enzymes involved in the pH regulation of metabolically active cells/tissues. Upregulation of the CAIX/XII isoforms is associated with hypoxic tumours and clinically linked with malignant progression, treatment resistance and poor prognosis. The elucidation of the crystal struc...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20236080
更新日期：2019-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells express a large variety of RNA binding proteins (RBPs), with diverse affinities and specificities towards target RNAs. These proteins play a crucial role in almost every aspect of RNA biogenesis, expression and function. The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a complex and diverse f...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms140918999
更新日期：2013-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:CDK5RAP3 was regarded as the most significant regulator of cellular responses against heat stress, which is associated with dysfunctions of the immune system and animal susceptibility to disease. Despite this, little known about how CDK5RAP3 regulates heat stress response. In this study, CDK5RAP3 conditional Knockout ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21218400
更新日期：2020-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate whether chronic cocaine abuse will increase cardiac Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways, thirty-two male Wistar rats at 3-4 months of age were randomly divided into a vehicle-treated group (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS, 0.5 mL, SQ per day) and a cocaine-treated group (Cocaine, 10 ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms15045988
更新日期：2014-04-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (C(e)O₂ ENPs) are on the priority list of nanomaterials requiring evaluation. We performed in vitro assays on mature mouse oocytes incubated with C(e)O₂ ENPs to study (1) physicochemical biotransformation of ENPs in culture medium; (2) ultrastructural interactions with follicular cells and...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms141121613
更新日期：2013-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Synovial inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progress of osteoarthritis (OA). There is an urgent need to find safe and effective drugs that can reduce the inflammation and regulate the pathogenesis of cytokines of the OA disease. Here, we investigated the effect of icariin, the major pharmacol...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18122656
更新日期：2017-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:(R,R)ZX-5 is a NO regulatory compound, which could significantly increase choroidal blood flow in New Zealand rabbit. The aim of this paper is to investigate the molecular mechanism of (R,R)ZX-5 promoting NO production. Besides this, we also investigated the antiangiogenic activity of (R,R)ZX-5. Analysis of Western bl...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13032717
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the previous decades, numerous studies focused on how oceanic islands have contributed to determine the phylogenetic relationships and times of origin and diversification of different endemic lineages. The Macaronesian Islands (i.e., Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries, and Cabo Verde), harbour biotas with excep...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20112782
更新日期：2019-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Because angiogenesis is a major contributor to cancer progression and metastasis, it is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Although a diverse number of small compounds for anti-angiogenic therapy have been developed, severe adverse effects commonly occur, since small compounds can affect not only tumor endotheli...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms20235819
更新日期：2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of coagulation and precipitation affect the fate and mobility of antimony (Sb) species in drinking water. Moreover, the solubility and physico-chemical properties of the precipitates may be affected by the media chemistry. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the removal of Sb(III, V) specie...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20122945
更新日期：2019-06-17 00:00:00
abstract：:For bone regeneration, a biocompatible thermo-gelling hydrogel, hyaluronic acid-g-chitosan-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (HA-CPN) was used as a three-dimensional organic gel matrix for entrapping rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (rASCs). Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic microparticles were embedded within the...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19092537
更新日期：2018-08-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple and reliable method of high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to evaluate the quality of Receptaculum Nelumbinis (dried receptacle of Nelumbo nucifera) through establishing chromatographic fingerprint and simultaneous determination of five flavonol ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms14011999
更新日期：2013-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is a high affinity cholesterol- and drug-binding protein highly expressed in steroidogenic cells, such as Leydig cells, where it plays a role in cholesterol mitochondrial transport. We have previously shown that TSPO is expressed in postnatal day 3 rat gonocytes, precursors of sperma...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms17091486
更新日期：2016-09-06 00:00:00
