Abstract:
:The development of autocratic leaders in history reveals that many share severe character disorders that are consistently similar across borders and cultures. Diplomats and humanitarians negotiating for access to populations in-need and security of their programs, especially in health, must understand the limitations placed on the traditional negotiation process. These shared character traits stem from a cognitive and emotional developmental arrest in both childhood and adolescence resulting in fixed, life-long, concrete thinking patterns. They fail to attain the last stage of mental and emotional development, that of abstract thinking, which is necessary for critical reasoning that allows one to consider the broader significance of ideas and information rather than depend on concrete details and impulses alone. These autocratic leaders have limited capacity for empathy, love, guilt, or anxiety that become developmentally permanent and guide everyday decision making. Character or personality traits that perpetuate the lives of autocratic leaders are further distinguished by sociopathic and narcissistic behaviors that self-serve to cover their constant fear of insecurity and the insatiable need for power. Human rights, humanitarian care, and population-based health security are examples of what has consistently been sacrificed under autocratic rule. Today, with the worst global loss of democratic leadership ever seen since WWII, leaders with these character traits now rule in major countries of the world. While history teaches us of battles and conflicts that result from such flawed leadership, it lacks explanations of why autocratic behaviors consistently emerge and dominate many societies. Building multidisciplinary capacity and capability in societies among democracies to limit or cease such authoritarian dominance first begins with a developmental understanding of why autocrats exist and persist in externalizing their pathological behaviors on unsuspecting and vulnerable populations, and the limitations they place on negotiations."…once in power, a leader with an Antisocial Personality Disorder thrives on continuing conflict and never seeks peace." Daedalus Trust, London, 2016Burkle FM Jr. Character disorders among autocratic world leaders and the impact on health security, human rights, and humanitarian care.
journal_name
Prehosp Disaster Medjournal_title
Prehospital and disaster medicineauthors
Burkle FMdoi
10.1017/S1049023X18001280subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-15 00:00:00pages
1-6eissn
1049-023Xissn
1945-1938pii
S1049023X18001280pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The detonation of a bomb in a shopping center in Vantaa, Finland, took place on 11 October 2002. Seven people died as a result and > 160 people required medical attention. Because the rescue teams were inadequately trained to respond to terrorist attacks, the event was handled according to protocol. A number of proble...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00004404
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Telecommunication systems are important for sharing information among health institutions to successfully provide medical response following disasters. HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM:The aim of this study was to clarify the problems associated with telecommunication systems in the acute phase of the Great East Japan ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X14000119
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The discussions in this theme provided an opportunity to share specific experiences with disasters that occurred outside of the Asia-Pacific Rim. METHODS:Details of the methods used are provided in the preceding paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00025565
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Expatriate healthcare professionals frequently participate in international relief operations that are initiated in response to disasters due to natural hazards or humanitarian emergencies in low resource settings. This practice environment is significantly different from the healthcare delivery environmen...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00007445
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Aspirin is administered to patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), but prehospital providers do not administer aspirin to all patients with chest pain that could be secondary to an ACS. OBJECTIVE:To identify reasons prehospital providers fail to administer aspirin to all patients complaining of che...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003435
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper outlines each aspect of coordination as it relates to the responses made by various organizations in the disaster-affected areas. It is a synthesis of the presentations and discussions pertaining to coordination during the Conference, Health Aspects of the Tsunami Disaster in Asia, convened by the World Hea...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00003150
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A case is presented in which a 43-year-old man suffering from a severe asthma attack, had ventilatory arrest during a hoisting procedure. Based on this experience, the influence of three hoisting techniques on lung function was tested. METHODS:The ventilatory capacity of 12 healthy volunteers was tested d...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to assess the risk of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed in out-of-hospital settings for chest injuries in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS:This retrospective, observational study was conducted in an emergency critical care medical center in J...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000201
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A common chief complaint to emergency dispatch communication centers worldwide is "breathing problems". The chief complaint of breathing problems represents a wide spectrum of underlying diseases, patient conditions, and onset types. The current debate is on the potential ability of a dispatch protocol to ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00006142
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This paper describes the two mass-casualty, terrorist attacks that occurred in Istanbul, Turkey in November 2003, and the resulting pre-hospital emergency response. METHODS:A complex, retrospective, descriptive study was performed, using open source reports, interviews, direct measurements of street distanc...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00001643
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of protecting civilians in armed conflict is enshrined in international humanitarian law and widely acknowledged in humanitarian norms. Making this concept operational in humanitarian service delivery is a challenge. Yet, there are many ways in which humanitarian workers could learn from local people about...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00021580
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction Many Syrians have left their country and migrated to other countries since March 2011, due to the civil war. As of March 2016, a total of 2,747,946 Syrian refugees had immigrated to Turkey. Some Syrian refugees have been living in camps, while 2,475,134 have been living in metropolitan areas, such as Anka...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000134
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mass gatherings have a higher patient presentation rate than is found within the general population. Despite this fact, many mass gatherings are occurring without suitable medical coverage. South Africa has had no standard approach or model to determine the number of medical personnel needed to deploy to an event. The...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00008748
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Accountability in the delivery of humanitarian aid has become increasingly important and emphasized by the humanitarian community. The Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) was created in 2003 in order to improve accountability in the humanitarian sector. HAP acts as a self-regulatory body to the h...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X14000673
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::On March 23, 2020, the United Nations (UN) made an Appeal for a Global Ceasefire following the Outbreak of Coronavirus. Despite this appeal, the Nagorno-Karabagh war was instigated on September 27, 2020. This Guest Editorial frames the conflict in the context of the UN appeal and by introducing a figure that plots sev...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X21000121
更新日期:2021-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::IntroductionIschemic stroke treatment is time-sensitive, and barriers to providing prehospital care encountered by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers have been under-studied.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study described barriers to providing prehospital care, identified predictors of these barriers, and assessed the ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000766
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a lethal health problem that affects between 236,000 and 325,000 people in the United States each year. As resuscitation attempts are unsuccessful in 70-98% of OHCA cases, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel often face the needs of bereaved family members. P...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12000167
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Burnout among emergency medical personnel (EMP) is suspected, but largely unsupported in the literature. An investigation of the phenomenon of burnout and factors contributing to its existence are essential steps in designing effective interventions. RESEARCH QUESTIONS:Three research questions were propos...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Emergency pediatric life support (EPLS) of children infected with transmissible respiratory diseases requires adequate respiratory protection for medical first responders. Conventional air-purifying respirators (APR) and modern loose-fitting powered air-purifying respirator-hoods (PAPR-hood) may have a dif...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001525
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prehospital airway management (AM) is the first priority in the care of emergency and trauma victims as it has shown to improve survival in these patients. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess training and knowledge of ambulance staff and availability of AM equipment in ambulances of Karachi, Pakis...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15005385
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The contamination of the environment, ambulance equipment, and staff hands consequently are major factors which create nosocomial infections in emergency patients. The contamination of equipment and devices plays an important role in nosocomial infections. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine t...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X1800095X
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Previous oil spills and disasters from other human-made events have shown that mental health effects to the affected population are widespread and can be significant. HYPOTHESIS/PROBLEM:There has been concern regarding the likelihood that existing public health surveillance was not capturing the mental he...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001100
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This paper is a report on an exercise designed to reveal the extent of belief in the common myths about disasters held by members of four groups of students from the University of Massachusetts and three groups of trainee emergency workers from Italy. METHODS:A questionnaire was administered in which stud...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00004441
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children less than five years old during humanitarian emergencies. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the leading causes of bacterial pneumonia. Vaccines for both of these pathogens are available to prevent pneumonia. Problem This ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X15004781
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the basic principles around establishing a Disaster Medicine Camp and the organization of the Ukrainian Disaster Medicine Mobile Hospital, which provided medical aid to victims of the 2001 earthquake in India. All of the information was obtained through direct observation and estimates based on ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x0000039x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent crisis in Kosovo led to nearly complete destruction of a healthcare system serving the needs of approximately 2 million people. Even prior to the crisis, the pre-existing healthcare system had inadequate provisions for the delivery of Emergency Medical Services. More than 440 diverse governmental and non-go...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00043429
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The need to manage psychological symptoms after disasters can result in an increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, including antidepressants and anxiolytics. Therefore, an increase in the prescription of antidepressants and anxiolytics could be an indicator of general psychological distress in ...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12001392
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The provision of surgery within humanitarian crises is complex, requiring coordination and cooperation among all stakeholders. During the 2011 Humanitarian Action Summit best practice guidelines were proposed to provide greater accountability and standardization in surgical humanitarian relief efforts. Surgical humani...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1017/S1049023X12000064
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To characterize the types of occupational exposures and injuries reported by emergency medical service (EMS) workers. METHODS:A blinded review of accidents/exposures among EMS workers employed by a Baltimore County fire department was conducted. Medical records for 1992 were reviewed. RESULTS:Two hundred a...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s1049023x00041583
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Following the recommendations of the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) to develop standards for training the undergraduates in disaster-relevant fields (2004), a German curriculum was approved in 2006. This paper aims to describe the level of training and i...
journal_title:Prehospital and disaster medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S1049023X17000280
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00