Abstract：
Context:Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental caries are all major public health problems in the United Kingdom and contribute substantially to healthcare costs. Objective:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of product reformulation measures on sugar intake and health outcomes. Data sources:Using a combination of terms, the following databases were searched-The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid), and Scopus. Additionally, multiple gray literature searches were undertaken. Data extraction:A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 4 randomized controlled trials, 6 studies that modeled reformulation in a country, 5 studies that modeled a different approach of reformulation, and 1 study was both a modelling study of a different approach to reformulation and a retrospective observational study. The studies were assessed for risk of bias and overall quality of evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group (GRADE) framework. Results:Results from randomized controlled trials suggest that consumption of reformulated products can reduce sugar intake and body weight. The pooled estimates were -11.18% (95% confidence interval [CI], -19.95 to -2.41; P < 0.00001) for changes in percentage of sugar intake, -91.00 g/day (95%CI, -148.72 to -33.28; P< 0.00001) for changes in sugar intake in grams per day, and -1.04 kg (95%CI, -2.16 to -0.08; P= 0.0002) for changes in body weight. However, the quality of the evidence was very low. Results from the other studies suggested that reformulation can reduce sugar intake and improve health. Much of the evidence draws on modeling studies. Conclusions:This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that product reformulation to reduce sugar content could reduce sugar intake in individuals and thus improve population health. These findings provide an important starting point for ongoing work on sugar reformulation.
journal_name
Nutr Revjournal_title
Nutrition reviewsauthors
Hashem KM,He FJ,MacGregor GAdoi
10.1093/nutrit/nuy015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
181-196issue
3eissn
0029-6643issn
1753-4887pii
5280774journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract：:Current or recent low vitamin D status (or proxy measures such as dietary intake or ambient ultraviolet radiation) is linked to several chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, cancers, and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. Low prenatal vitamin D status may also increase susceptibility to such diseases in later...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00126.x
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between nut consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) had substantial methodological limitations and lacked recently published large prospective studies; hence, making an updated meta-analysis highly desirable. OBJECTIVE:To update the clinical gu...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuz042
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a case of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in a patient taking large doses of L-tryptophan for sedation. He developed the now-classic findings of myalgias, skin changes, and marked eosinophilia. This syndrome was first recognized in late 1989, and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association of t...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02969.x
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, confer benefits to brain and visual system development in infants and reduce risks of certain forms o...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00415.x
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite forty years of research on the potential role of chromium in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, significant progress has only recently been made regarding the mode of action of chromium at a molecular level. The oligopeptide low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr) may function as part of a nove...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01841.x
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Context:The metabolism of thyroid hormones, which are essential for normal development, involves many proteins and enzymes. It requires iodine as a key component but is also influenced by several other micronutrients, including selenium, zinc, iron, and vitamin A. Objective:This systematic review was designed to inves...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuy008
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty publications from twelve prospective cohorts have evaluated associations between flavonoid intakes and incidence or mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults in Europe and the United States. The most common outcome was coronary heart disease mortality, and four of eight cohort studies reported si...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00508.x
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identity of the protein responsible for hemochromatosis, the iron overload disease, has eluded scientists for years. However, a recent report identifies the gene where the hemochromatosis defect lies. It is a gene that encodes a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-1-like protein called HLA-H. The mechanis...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03949.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:The presence of retail food establishments around schools can be a potentiating or protective factor for overweight in students, depending on access to these places as well as types of foods available therein. The hypothesis for this study was that a greater density and proximity of retail food establishments a...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuz110
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular defects associated with dietary copper deficiency may result from altered interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and nitric oxide. ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1993.tb03101.x
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The European Union is implementing a new regulatory framework for nutrition and health claims (HCs) that will greatly impact the communication of health messages on foodstuffs. In particular, approved HCs will be included in a positive register of generic claims. In the currently available literature, assessment of th...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00322.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthocyanins are a group of bioactive compounds present in plant foods. Although they have consistently shown an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood and have only recently begun to be elucidated. The aim of this review is to highlight the anti-inflamm...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuu066
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants have investigated the effect of parenteral or enteral glutamine supplementation on morbidity, mortality, and outcome in the neonatal period. No evidence of toxicity of glutamine supplementation was found in these clinical trials, but the results for efficacy on a...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00359.x
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of anemia decreased from 62% to 12% and from 57% to 26% in children 5 to 11 years of age in two rural primary schools in Kampot Province, Cambodia, after oral weekly supplementation with iron-folic acid tablets for 20 weeks and with vitamin A and mebendazole twice per year. In 12- to 15-year-old childre...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1301/nr.2005.dec.s139-s145
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Provision of nourishment to terminally ill patients has been a controversial topic in clinical medicine. Determination of the limits of palliative care requires an understanding of the disease process, as well as the boundaries of patient self-determination. With the advent of living wills, the determination of the pa...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studying the effects of dehydration on cognitive function presents a variety of unique and difficult challenges to investigators. These challenges, which are addressed in this article, can be divided into three general categories: 1) choosing an appropriate method of generating a consistent level of dehydration; 2) de...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00524.x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Observational studies document a positive relationship between vitamin D from the environment (sunlight or diet), circulating vitamin D status, and improved symptoms or prevention of multiple sclerosis (MS). Experimental animal models of MS reproduce the beneficial effects of vitamin D and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3). The geograp...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00097.x
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leptin, the protein encoded by the recently cloned obese gene, has the properties of a hormone released by adipose tissue, regulating appetite and energy expenditure. Injected leptin reduces body weight and food intake in mice, and in obese, diabetic mice (with a mutated obese gene), it also reduces plasma insulin and...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03878.x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper examines the speed of change in diet, activity, and obesity in the developing world, and notes potential exacerbating biological relationships that contribute to differences in the rates of change. The focus is on lower- and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. These ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00084.x
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, the high responsiveness of omental adipocytes to positive lipolytic stimuli has been clearly demonstrated in women. We conclude that adipose tissue fatty acid release, storage capacity, and secreted cytokines may all be involved in the etiology of the metabolic syndrome. The anatomical location of visceral a...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00324.x
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial found that protein supplementation improved recovery from femoral fractures in an elderly population. A 6-month course of protein supplementation (20 g/day, 5 days/week) improved serum prealbumin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations, minimi...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01672.x
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Folate and vitamin B12 are required both in the methylation of homocysteine to methionine and in the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine. S-adenosylmethionine is involved in numerous methylation reactions involving proteins, phospholipids, DNA, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Both folate and vitamin B12 deficiency may ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03851.x
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Meta-analyses on 6 of 12 studies of the effect of improvement of the vitamin A status of deficient children living in poverty and social and biological deprivation conclude that mortality reduction can be expected. The demonstrated effects on incidence, prevalence and severity of specific morbidities under these condi...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1994.tb01407.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some specific hungers for vitamins or minerals can be explained as learned preferences, facilitated by the novel diet preferences shown by rats deficient in specific nutrients. Specific hunger for sodium, however, is a result of an innate, unlearned behavior pattern. ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.1968.tb00820.x
更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle that occurs naturally in individuals as they age. Although many factors underlie sarcopenia, epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that low-grade chronic inflammation is an important contributor to its progression. Still, few healthcare professionals ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00364.x
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Consumption of highly processed foods, such as those high in trans fats and free sugars, coupled with sedentarism and chronic stress increases the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, while adherence to a Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the prevalence of such diseases. Olive oil is the main s...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuaa014
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prospective studies suggest that dietary vitamin D may at least modestly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This review addresses issues raised by recent studies, including differences in findings related to dietary source of vitamin D, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics. It also discusses the optimal timing ...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00271.x
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Based on the fact that energy content in 1 gram of alcohol is 29 kJ or 7.1 kcal, alcohol consumption can lead to weight gain. The present review was conducted to analyze the effects of alcohol consumption on body weight. A search of the Medline database for the period 1984 to March 2010 was conducted to identify cross...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00403.x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：Context:Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is increased interest in the value of different nutrition-based strategies for preventing the development of T2D. Objective:This review aims to cover current knowledge regarding the effect...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1093/nutrit/nuy014
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rather than being an inevitable consequence of age, cognitive decline can occur with marked variation among individuals. In this context, nutrition is one factor that is believed to be influential. When considering the potential role of diet, two factors need to be considered. First, cognitive or brain reserve is said...
journal_title：Nutrition reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00324.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
