Abstract:
:The main focus of this review is illness among elite athletes, how and why it occurs, and whether any measures can be taken to combat it or to prevent its onset. In particular, there is particular interest in exercise-induced immunodepression, which is a result of the immune system regarding exercise (e.g., prolonged, exhaustive exercise) as a challenge to its function. This promotes the inflammatory response. There is often a high incidence of illness in athletes after undertaking strenuous exercise, particularly among those competing in endurance events, not only mainly in terms of upper respiratory tract illness, but also involving gastrointestinal problems. It may well be that this high incidence is largely due to insufficient recovery time being allowed after, for example, a marathon, a triathlon, or other endurance events. Two examples of the incidence of upper respiratory tract illness in moderate versus endurance exercise are provided. In recent years, increasing numbers of research studies have investigated the origins, symptoms, and incidence of these bouts of illness and have attempted to alleviate the symptoms with supplements, sports foods, or immunonutrition. One aspect of the present review discusses iron deficiency, which has been primarily suggested to have an impact upon cell-mediated immunity. Immunonutrition is also discussed, as are new techniques for investigating links between metabolism and immune function.
journal_name
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metabauthors
Castell LM,Nieman DC,Bermon S,Peeling Pdoi
10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0288subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
181-188issue
2eissn
1526-484Xissn
1543-2742journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on physical performance during winter training in vitamin D insufficient taekwondo athletes. Thirty-five collegiate male and female taekwondo athletes, aged 19-22 years with low serum 25(OH)D concentration (28.8 ± 1.10 nmol/L), were randomly assigned to a vitam...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0412
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) affect vascular relaxation and involve factors (e.g., nitric oxide) that contribute to exercise-induced increases in skeletal-muscle blood flow (Q). The authors investigated whether DHA and EPA supplementation augments skeletal-...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.6.475
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
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doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0188
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0291
更新日期:2020-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Iron plays an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism; thus, iron deficiency anemia may lead to alterations in resting metabolic rate (RMR). Based on this premise, two iron-deficient-anemic female athletes, 18 (A1) and 21 (A2) years of age, were supplemented with 23 mg/day of elemental iron to assess its effects ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.10.4.434
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid milk consumed in conjunction with resistance training (RT) provides additional protein and calcium, which may enhance the effect of RT on body composition. However, the literature on this topic is inconsistent with limited data in adolescents. Therefore, we examined the effects of a supervised RT program (6 mo, ...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.4.344
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of adaptation to a high-fat diet on endurance performance are equivocal, and there is little data regarding the effects on high-intensity exercise performance. This study examined the effects of a high-fat/moderate protein diet on submaximal, maximal, and supramaximal performance. Twenty non-highly trained...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional status, eating behaviors, and body composition of 20 jockeys working in the New Zealand Racing Industry. Seven-day weighed food records showed the mean daily energy intake for male and female jockeys was 6769 +/- 1339 kJ and 6213 +/- 1797 kJ, respectively. Ene...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.220
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C with or without carbohydrate consumed acutely in beverages before and during prolonged cycling on immunoendocrine responses. In a single blind, randomized manner six healthy, moderately trained males exercised for 2.5 h at 60% VO(2max)and consumed...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.15.5.465
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0238
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.18.6.601
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2015-0236
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.20.1.34
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.22.2.98
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0211
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2019-10-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.17.1.14
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the effects of a 3-day high carbohydrate (H-CHO) and low carbohydrate (L-CHO) diet on 45 min of cycling exercise, 12 endurance-trained cyclists performed a 45-min cycling exercise at 82 +/- 2% VO2peak following an overnight fast, after a 6-day diet and exercise control. The 7-day protocol was repeated under...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0154
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.16.6.580
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0323
更新日期:2020-05-26 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0038
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity (mito), tissue blood flow (BF) capacity, and oxygen exchange capacity (e.g., DO2) appear to be well matched. The different skeletal muscle fiber types and muscle remodeled, due to inactivity (e.g., related to aging or disease) or exercise training, exhibit widely differing aerobi...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.12.3.368
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors studied the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation with an almond-based beverage on neutrophil antioxidants, nitrite, and protein oxidative alterations after exercise. Fourteen trained male amateur runners were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive antioxidant supplementation (152 mg/...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.23.1.31
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little data exists on drinking behavior, sweat loss, and exercise intensity across a competitive handball tournament in elite female athletes. Heart rate (HR), fluid balance and sweat electrolyte content were assessed on 17 international players across a 6-day tournament involving 5 games and 2 training sessions playe...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0210
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combat sport athletes typically engage in a process called making weight, characterized by rapid weight loss (RWL) and subsequent rapid weight gain (RWG) in the days preceding competition. These practices differ across each sport, but no systematic comparison of the size of the changes in body mass exists. The aim was...
journal_title:International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0165
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00