Why the Bank of England should put a female scientist on its next £50 note.

abstract：:Mature cortical pyramidal neurons receive excitatory inputs onto small protrusions emanating from their dendrites called spines. Spines undergo activity-dependent remodelling, stabilization and pruning during development, and similar structural changes can be triggered by learning and changes in sensory experiences. H...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kwon HB,Sabatini BL

更新日期：2011-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Change history: In Fig. 1c of this Letter, the two graphs were duplicates. The right panel of Fig. 1c has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lai B,Gao W,Cui K,Xie W,Tang Q,Jin W,Hu G,Ni B,Zhao K

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapies for patients with cancer have changed gradually over the past decade, moving away from the administration of broadly acting cytotoxic drugs towards the use of more-specific therapies that are targeted to each tumour. To facilitate this shift, tests need to be developed to identify those individuals who requi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van't Veer LJ,Bernards R

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Finite element analysis (FEA) is used by industrial designers and biomechanicists to estimate the performance of engineered structures or human skeletal and soft tissues subjected to varying regimes of stress and strain. FEA is rarely applied to problems of biomechanical design in animals, despite its potential to inf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rayfield EJ,Norman DB,Horner CC,Horner JR,Smith PM,Thomason JJ,Upchurch P

更新日期：2001-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The interplay between magnetic fields and interacting particles can lead to exotic phases of matter that exhibit topological order and high degrees of spatial entanglement. Although these phases were discovered in a solid-state setting, recent innovations in systems of ultracold neutral atoms-uncharged atoms that do n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tai ME,Lukin A,Rispoli M,Schittko R,Menke T,Dan Borgnia,Preiss PM,Grusdt F,Kaufman AM,Greiner M

更新日期：2017-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The AP-1 family of transcription factors, which includes the proto-oncogene products c-Jun and c-Fos, controls the stimulation of cellular genes by growth factors and the expression of oncogenes, including src and ras. Transcriptional activation by c-Jun is regulated by a cell-type-specific inhibitor that represses th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baichwal VR,Park A,Tjian R

更新日期：1991-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Criteria for 'green buildings' need to make energy performance a priority--as do universities. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The most unique feature of Earth is the existence of life, and the most extraordinary feature of life is its diversity. Approximately 9 million types of plants, animals, protists and fungi inhabit the Earth. So, too, do 7 billion people. Two decades ago, at the first Earth Summit, the vast majority of the world's nati...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cardinale BJ,Duffy JE,Gonzalez A,Hooper DU,Perrings C,Venail P,Narwani A,Mace GM,Tilman D,Wardle DA,Kinzig AP,Daily GC,Loreau M,Grace JB,Larigauderie A,Srivastava DS,Naeem S

更新日期：2012-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Various mechanisms have been proposed for beta-adrenergically mediated relaxation of smooth muscle. All theories suggest the involvement of cyclic AMP as a second messenger: beta-agonists stimulate adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cyclic AMP and protein kinase, activated by cyclic AMP, is then thought to cataly...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mueller E,van Breemen C

更新日期：1979-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A T-cell-mediated immune response is initiated by the T-cell receptor (TCR) interacting with peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on an infected cell. The mechanism by which this interaction triggers intracellular phosphorylation of the TCR, which lacks a kinase domain, remains poorly understood. Here...

journal_title：Nature

authors： James JR,Vale RD

更新日期：2012-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Excitatory amino acids mediate fast synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through the activation of at least three distinct ionotropic receptors: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxasole-4-propionate (AMPA)/quisqualate (QUIS) and the kainate subtypes (for reviews, see ref...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Charpak S,Gähwiler BH,Do KQ,Knöpfel T

更新日期：1990-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The cellular oncogene c-Ki-ras is amplified 30- to 60-fold in cells of the mouse adrenocortical tumour Y1. The amplified oncogene is located in double minute chromosomes and in a homogeneously staining chromosomal region, common karyotypical anomalies of tumour cells. The amounts of c-Ki-ras specific mRNA and of the p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schwab M,Alitalo K,Varmus HE,Bishop JM,George D

更新日期：1983-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Light absorption by the visual pigment rhodopsin triggers, through G-protein coupling, a cascade of events in the outer segment of the rod cell of the vertebrate retina that results in membrane hyperpolarization and nerve excitation. Rhodopsin, which contains 348 amino acids, has seven helices that cross the disk memb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schertler GF,Villa C,Henderson R

更新日期：1993-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goodman SN

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of human embryonic stem (ES) cells in medicine and biology has an inherent reliance on understanding the starting cell population. Human ES cells differ from mouse ES cells and the specific embryonic origin of both cell types is unclear. Previous work suggested that mouse ES cells could only be obtaine...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tesar PJ,Chenoweth JG,Brook FA,Davies TJ,Evans EP,Mack DL,Gardner RL,McKay RD

更新日期：2007-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations of cometary nuclei have revealed a very limited amount of surface water ice, which is insufficient to explain the observed water outgassing. This was clearly demonstrated on comet 9P/Tempel 1, where the dust jets (driven by volatiles) were only partially correlated with the exposed ice regions. The observ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： De Sanctis MC,Capaccioni F,Ciarniello M,Filacchione G,Formisano M,Mottola S,Raponi A,Tosi F,Bockelée-Morvan D,Erard S,Leyrat C,Schmitt B,Ammannito E,Arnold G,Barucci MA,Combi M,Capria MT,Cerroni P,Ip WH,Kuehrt E,M

更新日期：2015-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Historical ecologists working in the Neotropics argue that the present natural environment is an historical product of human intentionality and ingenuity, a creation that is imposed, built, managed and maintained by the collective multigenerational knowledge and experience of Native Americans. In the past 12,000 years...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Erickson CL

更新日期：2000-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the main unanswered questions in solar physics is why the Sun's outer atmosphere is hotter than its surface. Theory predicts abundant production of high-frequency (10-50 mHz) acoustic waves in subsurface layers of the Sun, and such waves are believed by many to constitute the dominant heating mechanism of the c...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fossum A,Carlsson M

更新日期：2005-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in our understanding of human evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. However, almost all studies of human evolution based on mtDNA sequencing ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ingman M,Kaessmann H,Pääbo S,Gyllensten U

更新日期：2000-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to control the quantum state of a single electron spin in a quantum dot is at the heart of recent developments towards a scalable spin-based quantum computer. In combination with the recently demonstrated controlled exchange gate between two neighbouring spins, driven coherent single spin rotations would p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koppens FH,Buizert C,Tielrooij KJ,Vink IT,Nowack KC,Meunier T,Kouwenhoven LP,Vandersypen LM

更新日期：2006-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:When present in single-stranded DNA, palindromic or quasi-palindromic sequences have the potential to form complex secondary structures, including hairpins, which may facilitate interstrand misalignment of direct repeats and be responsible for diverse types of replication-based mutations, including deletions, addition...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Trinh TQ,Sinden RR

更新日期：1991-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Temperature-dependent transition of conductance in ionic channels has been described in several membrane systems. We report here an abrupt change in the maximal rate of rise of the action potentials of the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) at 32 degrees C, indicating alteration in the functional characteristics of t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cheung DW,Daniel EE

更新日期：1980-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Long before infants reach, crawl or walk, they explore the world by looking: they look to learn and to engage, giving preferential attention to social stimuli, including faces, face-like stimuli and biological motion. This capacity-social visual engagement-shapes typical infant development from birth and is pathognomo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Constantino JN,Kennon-McGill S,Weichselbaum C,Marrus N,Haider A,Glowinski AL,Gillespie S,Klaiman C,Klin A,Jones W

更新日期：2017-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The fundus of the guinea-pig stomach actively dilates in response to low increases in intragastric pressure. This physiological response, now called adaptive relaxation, accommodates the intake of liquid or food. It is independent of external innervation, resistant to ganglion blockade, but reflex in origin. The nerve...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Desai KM,Sessa WC,Vane JR

更新日期：1991-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell signalling through Frizzled receptors has evolved to considerable complexity within the metazoans. The Frizzled-dependent signalling cascade comprises several branches, whose differential activation depends on specific Wnt ligands, Frizzled receptor isoforms and the cellular context. In Xenopus laevis embryos, th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Winklbauer R,Medina A,Swain RK,Steinbeisser H

更新日期：2001-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosome conformation capture methods have identified subchromosomal structures of higher-order chromatin interactions called topologically associated domains (TADs) that are separated from each other by boundary regions. By subdividing the genome into discrete regulatory units, TADs restrict the contacts that enhan...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Franke M,Ibrahim DM,Andrey G,Schwarzer W,Heinrich V,Schöpflin R,Kraft K,Kempfer R,Jerković I,Chan WL,Spielmann M,Timmermann B,Wittler L,Kurth I,Cambiaso P,Zuffardi O,Houge G,Lambie L,Brancati F,Pombo A,Vingron M,

更新日期：2016-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The paired helical filament (PHF) is the major component of the neurofibrillary deposits that form a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. PHFs are composed of microtubule-associated protein tau, in a hyperphosphorylated state. Hyperphosphorylation of tau results in its inability to bind to...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goedert M,Jakes R,Spillantini MG,Hasegawa M,Smith MJ,Crowther RA

更新日期：1996-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, a citation to 'Fig. 1e' has been corrected to 'Fig. 1d' in the sentence starting "By contrast, the anti-tumour response…". This has been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Han D,Liu J,Chen C,Dong L,Liu Y,Chang R,Huang X,Liu Y,Wang J,Dougherty U,Bissonnette MB,Shen B,Weichselbaum RR,Xu MM,He C

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cholecystokinin (CCK)-inactivating peptidase was purified and identified as a membrane-bound isoform of tripeptidyl peptidase II (EC 3.4.14.10), a cytosolic subtilisin-like peptidase of previously unknown functions. The peptidase was found in neurons responding to cholecystokinin, as well as in non-neuronal cells. B...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rose C,Vargas F,Facchinetti P,Bourgeat P,Bambal RB,Bishop PB,Chan SM,Moore AN,Ganellin CR,Schwartz JC

更新日期：1996-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:To artists, the face is a mirror of the soul. To biologists, the face reflects remarkable structural diversity--think of bulldogs and wolfhounds or galapagos finches. How do such variations in skeletal form arise? Do the same mechanisms control skeletogenesis elsewhere in the body? The answers lie in the molecular mac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Helms JA,Schneider RA

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00