Abstract：
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), honey has been used as an additive in the heat-processing of herbal medicines to enhance their immunostimulatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY:We investigated the immunostimulatory activity of heated honey in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS:For the in vitro study, we compared the differences among the inducible effects of honey subjected to various heating conditions on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secretion from the cultured enterocytes and investigated the active ingredient. For the in vivo study, we conducted a survival test of mice infected by Streptococcus pyogenes with and without oral administration of heated honey. RESULTS:We found that heating the honey induced the appearance of G-CSF secretions from the cultured enterocytes, and that this appearance depended on the heating temperature and time. No G-CSF secretions appeared when honey was not heated. Mice infected with Streptococcus pyogenes that were fed heated honey revealed prolonged survival. The active ingredient in heated honey was a high-molecular compound with about 730 kDa. When this compound was hydrolyzed, galactose, glucose, rhamnose, α-ribofuranose β-ribofuranose 1,5':1',5-dianhydride, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were generated. CONCLUSIONS:Heated honey reveals immunostimulatory activity both in vitro and in vivo. These results support the scientific evidences of the TCM theory.
journal_name
J Ethnopharmacoljournal_title
Journal of ethnopharmacologyauthors
Ota M,Ishiuchi K,Xu X,Minami M,Nagachi Y,Yagi-Utsumi M,Tabuchi Y,Cai SQ,Makino Tdoi
10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.019subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-10 00:00:00pages
11-17eissn
0378-8741issn
1872-7573pii
S0378-8741(18)31493-4journal_volume
228pub_type
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