Abstract:
:Molecular oxygen, a diradical, needs intervention of redox metal ions or other radicals to receive electrons for its reduction. The oxygen radicals thus produced are responsible for oxygen toxicity and oxidative stress. But, autoxidation, relevant in ischemia-reperfusion injury, is absent in any discussion on oxygen toxicity. Naturally occurring compounds which prevent formation or action of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally referred as antioxidants. The reduced oxygen species, superoxide, peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, are formed in a variety of systems in the cell and are useful in selective oxidations. Currently, the popular method for assaying ROS with fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein actually measures a hemeprotein-Fe-oxo complex. The Fe-oxyl radicals are the likely oxidants in damaging proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Such major lesions are normally repaired or replaced in the cells. The antioxidants counter the damaging oxidant actions. Among these, occurring in large concentration, are glutathione and ubiquinol, synthesized in the body and ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, drawn from the food. A large number of plant-derived phenolic compounds, especially the flavonoid variety, are also absorbed, albeit poorly, from the food. At the natural low concentrations, these compounds show wide ranging biological effects. Increased benefit on increasing them in circulating blood needs individual verification. The polyphenolic compounds demonstrated powerful antioxidant effects in laboratory experiments. But the clinical studies did not support the consequent expectations of countering the oxidative stress, the purported crucial factor in pathology in several diseases. Antioxidant action against ROS causing oxygen toxicity needs to be reassessed. This commentary is a reappraisal of formation and reactivity of ROS in different cells, the active cellular oxidant forms, products of oxidant action on proteins, nucleic acids and lipids as marker of oxidant injury, bulk antioxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin, limited absorption occurrence and functions of polyphenolic classes.
journal_name
Indian J Exp Bioljournal_title
Indian journal of experimental biologyauthors
Ramasarma Tsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-01 00:00:00pages
688-99issue
11eissn
0019-5189issn
0975-1009journal_volume
54pub_type
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
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doi:
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::While there is an emphasis on the early glycemic control for its long-term benefits in preventing microvascular complications of diabetes, the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the long-lasting effects are not clearly understood. Therefore the impact of early insulin (EI) versus late insulin (LI) treatment on dia...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity levels of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and cytochrome-C-oxidase showed a decrement whereas lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) evinced maximum activity during first 3 days of denervation. Under the impact of cathodal polarity treatment an elevation in the activity levels of these 4 en...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of the contribution of iron deposition in the oxidative pathologic process of liver disease, the potential of 70% methanolic extract of C. cajan leaf (CLME) towards antioxidative protection against iron-overload-induced liver damage in mice has been investigated. DPPH radical scavenging and protection of Fento...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni is an important medicinal plant used as noncaloric commercial sweetener. Plants regenerated with higher levels of copper sulphate in the medium exhibited enhanced activity of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzymes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed increase in si...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
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doi:
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Azadirachta indica (AI, Neem) was tested for analgesic potency in experimental pain models in mice. In the glacial acetic acid (GAA) induced writhing test, AI (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced both the incidence and the number of writhes. Similarly, AI, at the dose levels tested, also enhanced tail withd...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present experiment was planned to study nephrotoxicity in experimental diabetic rats under sub-chronic exposure to arsenic. Alloxan induced diabetic and control rats were exposed to sodium arsenite (0 and 5.5 mg/kg, orally) for 30 days. More pronounced nephrotoxic effects were noted in arsenic exposed diabetic gro...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The catfish C. batrachus were exposed to a long photoperiod of 14 hr light during resting--early preparatory (December-February) phases of the reproductive cycle. At 70-day sampling, both the seminal vesicle (SV) and testis registered marked stimulatory effects in comparisons to control fish maintained under approxima...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effect of oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, on certain enzymes, which may be taken as markers for the different stages of spermatogenesis, was studied in male albino rats. Gossypol produced a significant decrease in hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, while no change was ob...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum corticosterone excess was induced by the administration of corticosterone acetate to adrenal intact rats. Different lipid classes were studied in unwashed and washed (epididymal sperm and fluid free) caput and cauda epididymides. The unwashed caput epididymidis registered a significant decrease in total lipid, c...
journal_title:Indian journal of experimental biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00