Abstract:
:Waptia fieldensis Walcott, 1912 is one of the iconic animals from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale biota that had lacked a formal description since its discovery at the beginning of the twentieth century. This study, based on over 1800 specimens, finds that W. fieldensis shares general characteristics with pancrustaceans, as previous authors had suggested based mostly on its overall aspect. The cephalothorax is covered by a flexible, bivalved carapace and houses a pair of long multisegmented antennules, palp-bearing mandibles, maxillules, and four pairs of appendages with five-segmented endopods-the anterior three pairs with long and robust enditic basipods, the fourth pair with proximal annulations and lamellae. The post-cephalothorax has six pairs of lamellate and fully annulated appendages which appear to be extensively modified basipods rather than exopods. The front part of the body bears a pair of stalked eyes with the first ommatidia preserved in a Burgess Shale arthropod, and a median 'labral' complex flanked by lobate projections with possible affinities to hemi-ellipsoid bodies. Waptia confirms the mandibulate affinity of hymenocarines, retrieved here as part of an expanded Pancrustacea, thereby providing a novel perspective on the evolutionary history of this hyperdiverse group. We construe that Waptia was an active swimming predator of soft prey items, using its anterior appendages for food capture and manipulation, and also potentially for clinging to epibenthic substrates.
journal_name
R Soc Open Scijournal_title
Royal Society open scienceauthors
Vannier J,Aria C,Taylor RS,Caron JBdoi
10.1098/rsos.172206subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-06-20 00:00:00pages
172206issue
6issn
2054-5703pii
rsos172206journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cetacean energy stores are known to vary according to life history, reproductive status and time of year; however, the opportunity to quantify these relationships is rare. Using a unique set of historical whaling records from Western Australia (1952-1963), we investigated energy stores of large cetaceans with differin...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160290
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Four model polyurethane (PU) hard segments were synthesized by reaction of butanol with four typical diisocyanates. The four diisocyanates were aromatic 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) and MDI-50 (50% mixture of 2,4'-MDI and 4,4'-MDI), cycloaliphatic 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI) and linear...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180536
更新日期:2018-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Humans regularly cooperate with non-kin, which has been theorized to require reciprocity between repeatedly interacting and trusting individuals. However, the role of repeated interactions has not previously been demonstrated in explaining real-world patterns of hunter-gatherer cooperation. Here we explore cooperation...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160131
更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::We model radicalization in a society consisting of two competing religious, ethnic or political groups. Each of the 'sects' is divided into moderate and radical factions, with intra-group transitions occurring either spontaneously or through indoctrination. We also include the possibility of one group violently attack...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170678
更新日期:2017-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Skeletal muscle bulges when it contracts. These three-dimensional (3D) dynamic shape changes play an important role in muscle performance by altering the range of fascicle velocities over which a muscle operates. However traditional muscle models are one-dimensional (1D) and cannot fully explain in vivo shape changes....
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172371
更新日期:2018-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::A method developed based on the capillary effect and capillary condensation theory was used to synthesize an innovative Fe/C/Pd composite in this study. This composite (Fe@CNTs@Pd) consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) on the inner surface and palladium nanoparticles supported on th...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172242
更新日期:2018-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::Batch experiments were conducted to test the effects of various solution properties, such as pH, temperature, initial concentration and anoxic and aerobic atmosphere, on Cd removal by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) supported on industrial coal fly ash. Cd (II) could be removed by adsorption on fly ash-nZVI in a very...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.171051
更新日期:2018-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::In this work, we perform a comprehensive theoretical study on adsorption of representative 10-electron molecules H2O, CH4 and NH3 onto defective single-walled carbon nanotubes. Results of adsorption energy and charge transfer reveal the existence of both chemical adsorption (CA) and physical adsorption (PA). While PA ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190727
更新日期:2019-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Gold nanoparticles provide a user-friendly and efficient surface for immobilization of enzymes and proteins. In this paper, we present a novel approach for enzyme bioconjugation to gold nanostars (AuNSs). AuNSs were modified with l-cysteine (Cys) and covalently bound to N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) activated ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.190205
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This comment presents acoustic and visual data showing deep seafloor depression chains similar to those reported in Marsh et al. (R. Soc. open sci. 5: 180286), though from a different deep-sea setting. Marsh et al. present data collected during cruise JC120 from polymetallic nodule rich sites within the Clarion-Clippe...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.182053
更新日期:2019-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::This paper has two central aims. The first is to explore philosophical complications that arise when we move from (i) explaining the evolutionary origins of genetically influenced traits associated with human cooperation and altruism, to (ii) explaining present manifestations of human thought, feeling and behaviour in...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170441
更新日期:2017-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Animals are predicted to selectively observe and learn from the conspecifics with whom they share social connections. Yet, hardly anything is known about the role of different connections in observation and learning. To address the relationships between social connections, observation and learning, we investigated tra...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160256
更新日期:2016-07-13 00:00:00
abstract::The expression profile of miRNAs and their function in condyloma acuminatum (CA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 and miR-145, the most downregulated in CA samples using high-throughput sequencing, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, to determine a novel therapeutic target for...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172376
更新日期:2018-08-29 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum computers are expected to have a dramatic impact on numerous fields due to their anticipated ability to solve classes of mathematical problems much more efficiently than their classical counterparts. This particularly applies to domains involving integer factorization and discrete logarithms, such as public ke...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180410
更新日期:2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Assisted ultrasonic vibration technology has received great interest in the past few years for petroleum and mining engineering related to hard rock breaking. Understanding the fatigue behaviour and damage characteristics of rock subject to ultra-high-frequency loading is vital for its application. In this research, w...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200091
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme immobilization is one of the most important techniques for industrial applications. It makes the immobilized enzyme more stable and advantageous than the free form in different aspects. α-Amylase was immobilized on 4% cyanuric chloride-activated amidoximated acrylic fabric at pH 7.0 with (79%) maximum efficienc...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172164
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the chemical and nutritional profile and antioxidative properties of cultivated Coprinus comatus. Proximate analysis revealed that C. comatus is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibres and proteins, and could also be a valuable source of phenolics. Additionally, fat content is low, consisting mai...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200900
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Winnerless coevolution of hosts and parasites could exhibit Red Queen dynamics, which is characterized by parasite-driven cyclic switching of expressed host phenotypes. We hypothesize that the application of antibiotics to suppress the reproduction of parasites can provide an opportunity for the hosts to escape such w...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180693
更新日期:2018-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Vocal pitch is used as an important communicative device by humans, as found in the melodic dimension of both speech and song. Vocal pitch is determined by the degree of tension in the vocal folds of the larynx, which itself is influenced by complex and nonlinear interactions among the laryngeal muscles. The relations...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.172208
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Fungus-gardening (attine) ants grow fungus for food in protected gardens, which contain beneficial, auxiliary microbes, but also microbes harmful to gardens. Among these potentially pathogenic microorganisms, the most consistently isolated are fungi in the genus Escovopsis, which are thought to co-evolve with ants and...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150257
更新日期:2015-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to obtain an electrochemical device between the electrostatic interaction of the electropolymerized porphyrin {CoTPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4}, where TPyP = 5,10,15, 20-tetrapyridilphorphyrin and dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPsn-), to be used as a voltammetric sen...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170675
更新日期:2017-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Nano-size EVONIK AEROXIDE® P25 titanium dioxide, TiO2, powder was heat-treated at temperatures, 700-900°C, in air. An X-ray diffraction study showed that the P25 powder is composed of approximately 20 and approximately 80 mass% of rutile and anatase phases, respectively. It was also shown that the transformation from ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.191539
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The mesoporous silicate molecular sieves were synthesized with polyether F127 as the template by the aerosol-assisted method for loading and release of ibuprofen (IBU). The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption-deso...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.200650
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we construct a generalization of the Blum-François Beta-splitting model for evolutionary trees, which was itself inspired by Aldous' Beta-splitting model on cladograms. The novelty of our approach allows for asymmetric shares of diversification rates (or diversification 'potential') between two sister...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160016
更新日期:2016-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::Leafcutting bees (Megachile: Megachilidae) cut leaves from various trees, shrubs, wildflowers and grasses to partition and encase brood cells in hollow plant stems, decaying logs or in the ground. The identification of preferred plant species via morphological characters of the leaf fragments is challenging and direct...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.150623
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Accurate derivation of the psychophysical (a.k.a. transducer) function from just-notable differences requires accurate knowledge of the relationship between the mean and variance of apparent intensities. Alternatively, a psychophysical function can be derived from estimates of the average between easily discriminable ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180171
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study introduces thermogravimetry with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-GC-MS) at four different heating rates to investigate the activation energy and thermal degradation behaviour of walnut shell pyrolysis. The distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was applied to investigate the activation e...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.180331
更新日期:2018-09-12 00:00:00
abstract::Real-world complex networks are composed of non-random quantitative interactions. Identifying communities of nodes that tend to interact more with each other than the network as a whole is a key research focus across multiple disciplines, yet many community detection algorithms only use information about the presence ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.140536
更新日期:2016-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Social information use is common in a wide range of group-living animals, notably in humans. The role it plays in decision-making could be a key to understanding how social groups make collective decisions. The observation of road-crossing behaviours in the presence of other individuals is an ideal means to study the ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160739
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::The recent identification of the bio-duck call as Antarctic minke whale (AMW) vocalization allows the use of passive acoustic monitoring to retrospectively investigate year-round spatial-temporal patterns in minke whale occurrence in ice-covered areas. Here, we present an analysis of AMW occurrence patterns based on a...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.192112
更新日期:2020-10-07 00:00:00