Epigenome-wide association study in whole blood on type 2 diabetes among sub-Saharan African individuals: findings from the RODAM study.

abstract：Background:In 2003, New York City (NYC) implemented a series of coordinated policies designed to reduce non-communicable disease. Methods:We used coarsened exact matching (CEM) of individuals living inside and outside NYC between the years of 1992-2000 and 2002-10 to estimate difference-in-difference survival time mod...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Muennig P,Masters R,Vail D,Hakes J

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous losses between the 5th and 27th weeks of pregnancy were measured in a prospective study of 32 123 women whose contraceptive history around the time of conception was known. Diaphragm use prior to conception was associated with a significant reduction in second-trimester losses, after taking into account th...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Harlap S,Shiono PH,Ramcharan S

更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportional relationships of the four numbers in a 2 x 2 table can be displayed using two types of box graphs. In one approach, a 'unitary square' is first divided according to the denominator proportions of the two groups formed in a cohort or case-control study, and then re-divided according to the numerator pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Feinstein AR,Kwoh CK

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specificity of association between putative risk factor and disease under study is important to inference on causality. Nevertheless many studies investigate mortality of a single disease without comparison with a control. Age-standardized proportional mortality ratios make single disease studies into case-control stu...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： West RR

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ready-made spectacles (RMS) have advantages; however, visual performance and satisfaction has not been evaluated. METHODS:A 1-month, double-masked, randomized clinical trial comparing planned continued use and visual performance of RMS to Custom Spectacles (CS) in adults aged 18-45 years with > or =1 diopte...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keay L,Gandhi M,Brady C,Ali FS,Mathur U,Munoz B,Friedman DS

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Epigenetic programming and epigenetic mechanisms driven by environmental factors are thought to play an important role in human health and ageing. Global DNA methylation has been postulated as an epigenetic marker for epidemiological studies as it is reflective of changes in gene expression linked to disease...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McGuinness D,McGlynn LM,Johnson PC,MacIntyre A,Batty GD,Burns H,Cavanagh J,Deans KA,Ford I,McConnachie A,McGinty A,McLean JS,Millar K,Packard CJ,Sattar NA,Tannahill C,Velupillai YN,Shiels PG

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The increased odds of stomach cancer among subjects with blood type A have been reported in epidemiological studies. AIM:To study the relation of family history of gastric cancer and ABO blood type with precancerous gastric lesions in a high-risk area for stomach cancer. Subjects and setting We examined 340...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： You WC,Ma JL,Liu W,Gail MH,Chang YS,Zhang L,Hu YR,Fraumeni JF Jr,Xu GW

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Burgeoning global mental health endeavors have renewed debates about cultural applicability of psychiatric categories. This study's goal is to review strengths and limitations of literature comparing psychiatric categories with cultural concepts of distress (CCD) such as cultural syndromes, culture-bound syn...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kohrt BA,Rasmussen A,Kaiser BN,Haroz EE,Maharjan SM,Mutamba BB,de Jong JT,Hinton DE

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of death certification rates from various cancers or groups of cancers in broad Italian geographical areas (north/centre/south) was analysed. In both sexes, total cancer mortality was considerably elevated in the north of the country compared to southern regions (around 70% for males and 30% for femal...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Facchini U,Camnasio M,Cantaboni A,Decarli A,La Vecchia C

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) cluster survey methodology has been successfully used for assessing levels of immunization programme coverage in developing country settings, certain features of the methodology, as it is usually carried out, make it less-than-optimal choice for large, na...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Turner AG,Magnani RJ,Shuaib M

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGOUND:The term 'joint modelling' is used in the statistical literature to refer to methods for simultaneously analysing longitudinal measurement outcomes, also called repeated measurement data, and time-to-event outcomes, also called survival data. A typical example from nephrology is a study in which the data from...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Asar Ö,Ritchie J,Kalra PA,Diggle PJ

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:It is known that perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate have the property of inhibiting sodium iodide symporter. Animal studies have suggested that these compounds, especially perchlorate, might also interfere with insulin secretion. However, the association between their exposure and diabetes risk is largely ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu G,Zong G,Dhana K,Hu Y,Blount BC,Morel-Espinosa M,Sun Q

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smoking is well established as a principal risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of lung cancer is about ten times higher in smokers in Western countries. In China, a number of epidemiological studies have investigated the association between lung cancer and smoking and in the present paper, a combined analysis of eig...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Liu Z

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The prediction of future obesity patterns is crucial for effective strategic planning. However, disproportionally changing body mass index (BMI) distributions pose particular challenges. Flexible modelling of the shape of BMI distributions may improve prediction performance. METHODS:We used data from repeat...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Yamada G,Castillo-Salgado C,Jones-Smith JC,Moulton LH

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are few epidemiological data in the scientific literature about the carpal tunnel syndrome. This paper describes the characteristics of the 154 women referred to hospital for management of this condition among the 17,032 taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Standardized firs...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vessey MP,Villard-Mackintosh L,Yeates D

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Child mortality rates have been declining in most developing countries. We studied child and maternal mortality risk factors for child mortality in Beira city in July 1993, after a decade of conflict in Mozambique. METHODS:A community-based cluster sample survey of 4609 women of childbearing age was conduct...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Cutts FT,Dos Santos C,Novoa A,David P,Macassa G,Soares AC

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:In administrative database research, misclassification bias can result from diagnostic codes that imperfectly represent the condition being studied. It is unclear how to correct for this bias. Methods:Severe renal failure and Colles' fracture status were determined in two distinct cohorts using gold standar...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Walraven CV

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examinations of 'healthy' men in Helsinki and in rural west and east Finland in 1956 included estimation of total cholesterol and that in the HDL and beta fractions separated by electrophoresis. Vital status to the end of 1980 has been ascertained for all but eight of the 526 men aged 35-61 and for all but two of 261 ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Keys A,Karvonen MJ,Punsar S,Menotti A,Fidanza F,Farchi G

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A serological survey of 300 Israeli intravenous drug addicts in 1988-1989, showed a 2.3% prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), very similar to the finding of a previous study (2%) performed in the same population in 1986. Travel and drug injection abroad continue to be the most significant pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Dan M,Cahana A,Fintsi Y,Bar-Shany S

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuum of reproductive causality is postulated, extending from fetal deaths - abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal - through a descending gradient of brain damage manifested in neuropsychiatric disorders. The research and administrative public health implications of these findings and the concept of the continuum a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Lilienfeld AM,Pasamanick B,Rogers M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While dietary patterns that are both predictive of chronic disease and mortality have been identified, the confounding effects of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been properly addressed. The primary objective was to assess the relation between dietary patterns with all-cause mortality, while controlling f...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Héroux M,Janssen I,Lam M,Lee DC,Hebert JR,Sui X,Blair SN

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Bloodstream infections (BSI) cause considerable morbidity and mortality, and primary prevention should be a priority. Lifestyle factors are of particular interest since they represent a modifiable target. Methods:We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HU...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Paulsen J,Askim Å,Mohus RM,Mehl A,Dewan A,Solligård E,Damås JK,Åsvold BO

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An extensive area of rural Ireland was monitored in detail for natural background radiation (NBR); average background radiation values were derived for all District Electoral Divisions (DEDs) in this area. Cancer mortality rates were calculated for the DEDs aggregated according to average NBR. No association was appar...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Allwright SP,Colgan PA,McAulay IR,Mullins E

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Minnesota Heart Survey (MHS) assessed population trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, morbidity and risk factor levels in the Twin Cities metropolitan area to explain the decline in CHD deaths. Age-adjusted CHD mortality rates declined in Twin Cities residents aged 30 to 74 from 1968 to 1986 by 52% in...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Burke GL,Sprafka JM,Folsom AR,Luepker RV,Norsted SW,Blackburn H

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated whether alternative clinical and microbiological criteria for outcome events affected estimates of vaccine efficacy in a randomized, double-blind field trial of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines among 62,285 rural Bangladeshi participants. At one ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Clemens JD,Stanton BF,Harris JR,Chakraborty J,Sack DA,Rao MR,Ahmed F,Ansaruzzaman M,Yunus MD,Svennerholm AM

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Perception of control over one's environment, particularly when faced with an ambiguous situation, has been identified as a critical cognitive process involved in worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Similarly, it is thought that individuals with lower cognitive skills feel less in control, and do n...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Martin LT,Kubzansky LD,LeWinn KZ,Lipsitt LP,Satz P,Buka SL

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper argues that the perspective of economics is valuable in assessing the desirability, purpose and effectiveness of public intervention to reduce occupational accidents and diseases and suggests that the concept of efficiency provides one (although not the only) important criterion by which to judge policy in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Henderson J

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the seasonal effect on all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to identify high-risk groups. METHODS:A 25-year follow-up of 19,019 male civil servants aged 40-69 years. RESULTS:All-cause mortality was seasonal (ratio of highest mortality rate during winter versus lowest rate during summer 1...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： van Rossum CT,Shipley MJ,Hemingway H,Grobbee DE,Mackenbach JP,Marmot MG

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Mobile phone use and exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from it have been associated with symptoms in some studies, but the studies have shortcomings and their findings are inconsistent. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the association between amount of mobile phone u...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Auvinen A,Feychting M,Ahlbom A,Hillert L,Elliott P,Schüz J,Kromhout H,Toledano MB,Johansen C,Poulsen AH,Vermeulen R,Heinävaara S,Kojo K,Tettamanti G,COSMOS Study Group.

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Hand dominance and spinal posture were studied for their prediction of the development of thoracic hyperkyphosis during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS:The cohort consisted of all the fourth-grade school children of the Western School District of Helsinki, Finland, in the spring of 1986. They were examin...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Nissinen M,Heliövaara M,Seitsamo J,Poussa M

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00