Value of hospital resources for effective pressure injury prevention: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:Hospital-acquired pressure injuries are localised skin injuries that cause significant mortality and are costly. Nursing best practices prevent pressure injuries, including time-consuming, complex tasks that lack payment incentives. The Braden Scale is an evidence-based stratification tool nurses use daily to assess pressure-injury risk. Our objective was to analyse the cost-utility of performing repeated risk-assessment for pressure-injury prevention in all patients or high-risk groups. DESIGN:Cost-utility analysis using Markov modelling from US societal and healthcare sector perspectives within a 1-year time horizon. SETTING:Patient-level longitudinal data on 34 787 encounters from an academic hospital electronic health record (EHR) between 2011 and 2014, including daily Braden scores. Supervised machine learning simulated age-adjusted transition probabilities between risk levels and pressure injuries. PARTICIPANTS:Hospitalised adults with Braden scores classified into five risk levels: very high risk (6-9), high risk (10-11), moderate risk (12-14), at-risk (15-18), minimal risk (19-23). INTERVENTIONS:Standard care, repeated risk assessment in all risk levels or only repeated risk assessment in high-risk strata based on machine-learning simulations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Costs (2016 $US) of pressure-injury treatment and prevention, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) related to pressure injuries were weighted by transition probabilities to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) at $100 000/QALY willingness-to-pay. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses tested model uncertainty. RESULTS:Simulating prevention for all patients yielded greater QALYs at higher cost from societal and healthcare sector perspectives, equating to ICERs of $2000/QALY and $2142/QALY, respectively. Risk-stratified follow-up in patients with Braden scores <15 dominated standard care. Prevention for all patients was cost-effective in >99% of probabilistic simulations. CONCLUSION:Our analysis using EHR data maintains that pressure-injury prevention for all inpatients is cost-effective. Hospitals should invest in nursing compliance with international prevention guidelines.

journal_name

BMJ Qual Saf

journal_title

BMJ quality & safety

authors

Padula WV,Pronovost PJ,Makic MBF,Wald HL,Moran D,Mishra MK,Meltzer DO

doi

10.1136/bmjqs-2017-007505

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-02-01 00:00:00

pages

132-141

issue

2

eissn

2044-5415

issn

2044-5423

pii

bmjqs-2017-007505

journal_volume

28

pub_type

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