Abstract:
:As enteroviruses are mainly transmitted by the fecal-oral route, this study was initiated to investigate the nature of the binding of enteroviruses to human skin. Using poliovirus 1, Mahoney, we investigated the overall effectiveness of soap and water hand-washing of 1 and 5 min duration. The virus-skin interaction was studied by kinetic analysis of repeated serial washings. The following results were obtained: (1) Soap and water washing for 5 min reduced the number of infective particles on hands by 2-4 logs of ten. (2) Poliovirus binding to skin was essentially reversible. (3) Removal of virus followed a triexponential decline curve, suggesting loose, intermediate, and strong binding. (4) Washing agents more effective than soap were sand, aluminum hydroxide powder, and buffer alone, suggesting that friction was more important than emulsification. The results demonstrate the tenacity of poliovirus on skin, and offer a rationale for the epidemiology of enteroviruses on experimental grounds. From a practical point of view these results stress the need for an effective chemical hand disinfectant, particularly in hospitals.
journal_name
Med Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Medical microbiology and immunologyauthors
Schürmann W,Eggers HJdoi
10.1007/BF02124807subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
221-36issue
5eissn
0300-8584issn
1432-1831journal_volume
174pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A microcytoxicity assay with 3H-proline prelabeled target cells was used for the detection of sensitized lymphoid spleen cells from STU inbred mice inoculated with Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV-M) or ascitic MSV-M tumor cells. The target cell line was derived from ascitic MSV-M tumor cells. With regard to the specificity...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02121319
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of rodent Plasmodium strains expressing fluorescent proteins in all life cycle stages has had a big impact on malaria research. With this tool in hand, for the first time it was possible to follow in real time by in vivo microscopy the infection route of Plasmodium sporozoites transmitted to the mammali...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00430-007-0044-3
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virus adsorption and uptake of human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14) were studied with HeLa cells and baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells which were transfected with the HRV14 receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Transmission electron microscopy of HeLa cells revealed that HRV14 was internalized via clathrin-coated ...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004300050039
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 114 Clostridium difficile strains were analysed for a possible correlation between serological susceptibility to chloramphenicol, tetracycline and clindamycin, and serogrouping. All 17 chloramphenicol-resistant strains belonged to serovar I, while none of 32 tetracycline-resistant strains belonged to serova...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00200678
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the properties of an inactivated subunit antigen preparation from varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-infected MRC-5 cells by treatment with detergent and formaldehyde, ultracentrifugation over sucrose and acetone precipitation. The method preserved the antigenicity of VZV proteins and several VZV-specif...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00277161
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When P3HR-1 lymphoblastoid cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related antigens at very low frequency were cocultivated with human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and the cell-free mixed culture fluid was applied to fresh cord lymphocytes, cells morphologically distinct from normal lymphocytes became evident af...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02125494
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombi formation was demonstrated in mesenteric microcirculation of guinea pigs inoculated with Fusobacterium necrophorum and the bacterial hemagglutinin (HA). The thrombi were initially observed in venules and later, in arterioles. Immunofluorescence study revealed that the HA bound to the thrombi in the microcircul...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00203305
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immediate-early (IE) genes are the first genes to be transcribed during the lytic replication cycle of cytomegaloviruses (CMV), and encode nonstructural proteins, which are assumed to have mainly regulatory functions. The IE proteins may play important roles in the pathogenesis of CMV in vivo, for instance during the ...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00430-008-0076-3
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various strains of Helicobacter pylori were able to lyse erythrocytes from sheep, horse, and human when grown on blood agar. The hemolysis did not depend on the production of the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA as demonstrated by the hemolytic behavior of an isogenic vacA-negative mutant strain. The hemolytic activity coul...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004300050062
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upon infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-carrying human T-cell lines such as MT-4, HTLV-III, a probable etiologic agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused fast and strong cytopathic effects leading ultimately to the death of the cells. Such effects were preceded by the rapid indu...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02123869
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Streptomyces globisporus produced an enzyme which had lytic effects on streptococci and was able to solubilize their Fc-receptors. A new method for rapid purification of this enzyme was described. It consisted of adsorption to Amberlite CG 50 and subsequent chromatography on CM-cellulose Whatman CM 52. The purified en...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02123127
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Outer membrane fractions (OMs) of nine Campylobacter (C.) jejuni and two C. coli strains belonging to different serovars, from human and various animal origins, were extracted by treatment with sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate. Using n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside a 42-kDa protein and a flagella-enriched fraction were obta...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00191550
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pteridine derivatives neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are produced by human macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and therefore become detectable in increased amounts in humans during cell-mediated (Th1-type) immune response. Compounds produced upon influence of cytokine...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-006-0025-y
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast Candida albicans is part of the microflora in most healthy people, but can become a pathogen when host defenses are compromised. The phenotypic plasticity of C. albicans, which includes switching between different morphologies, contributes to its ability to colonize and infect virtually all body locations. A...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00430-010-0147-0
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Turkey is seeing a steady rise in rates of HIV infection in the country. The number of individuals with HIV/AIDS was greater than 7000 in 2014 according to data released by the Ministry of Health, and heterosexual contacts were reported to be the main transmission routes. Istanbul has the highest number of reported ca...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0419-9
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is known that tetraspanin proteins are involved in many physiological somatic cell mechanisms. Additionally, research has indicated they also have a role in various infectious diseases and cancers. This review focuses on the molecular interactions underlying the tetraspanin web formation in gametes. Primarily, tetr...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00430-020-00676-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the incidence of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with infant diarrhoeal disease in Galicia (North-west Spain). During a period of 9 months we isolated heat-labile enterotoxin-positive strains in 2.1% of children with diarrhoea examined, whereas the production of...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02123802
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus employs modified peptides optimized to elicit an IFNγ response from CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in addition to CD4+ T cells. With a view to improve the difficult identification of TB cases, we assessed the combination of two specific immunological markers comprising IFNγ secretion and...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-018-00576-4
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection modulates the host cell cycle to create an environment that is optimal for viral gene expression, DNA replication, and production of infectious virus. The virus mostly infects quiescent cells and thus must push the cell into G1 phase of the cell cycle to co-opt the cellular mecha...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0396-z
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::NFR nude (nu/nu) and euthymic (+/nu) littermates were infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CBV-3) and assayed for virus persistence in the heart, pancreas and spleen, for development of myocarditis and for antibody production. The virus grew to higher titer and persisted longer in hearts of nu/nu mice. In both types of mi...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02123563
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the purification and concentration of Cytomegalovirus nucleocapsids and particles complete with envelope is described. Antibody to either nucleocapsid or envelope antigens can be detected in human sera. In patients with CMV disease the antibodies to the envelope antigen could not be detected before the 3r...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02121005
更新日期:1975-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous danger signal bradykinin was recently found implicated in the development of immunity against parasites via dendritic cells. We here report an essential role of the B(2) (B(2)R) bradykinin receptor in the early immune response against Listeria infection. Mice deficient in B(2)R (B(2)R(-/-) mice) were sh...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-008-0103-4
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), a gram-negative enteric bacterium, frequently causes urinary tract infections. Many virulence factors of uropathogenic P. mirabilis have been identified, including urease, flagella, hemolysin and fimbriae. However, the functions of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), which are related to the ...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0430-1
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, induces in congenitally infected fetuses a strong, adult-like parasite-specific CD8(+) T cell response producing IFN-γ (Hermann et al. in Blood 100:2153-2158, 2002). This suggests that the parasite is able to overcome the immaturity of neonata...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-011-0217-y
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently we demonstrated that lack of mecA transcription was responsible for the decreased methicillin resistance phenotype of strongly slime-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis phase variants [Mempel M, Feucht H, Ziehbuhr W, Endres M, Laufs R, Grüter L (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38: 1251-1255]. In the present...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00224346
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Roizman's definition of herpesviral latency, which applies also to cytomegaloviruses (CMVs), demands maintenance of reactivation-competent viral genomes after clearance of productive infection. It is more recent understanding that failure to complete the productive viral cycle for virus assembly and release does not i...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-019-00615-8
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::TT virus (TTV) is a newly discovered virus from a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis. We investigated the frequency and pathogenesis of TTV infection in children. A semi-nested PCR assay was used to amplify TTV-DNA in serum samples from 254 ambulatory children without liver disease, 20 with hepatitis of unknown e...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004300050109
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral treatment of mice with a combination of non-absorbable broad spectrum antibiotics at a dose level high enough to sterilize the digestive tract within five days of treatment, has been found to have a significant negative effect on the relative weight of the thymus. From the age of 12 weeks onwards, the mean relati...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02123870
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A coupled luminescent method (CLM) based on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase released from injured target cells was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of antigen-specific HLA class I-restricted CTLs. In contrast to established methods, CLM does not require the pretreatment of target cells with radioactive or to...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00430-009-0126-5
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern have shown a high prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks. A total of 17 B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains were isolated from ticks and investigated by Western blots (immunoblot) with eight monoclonal anti-bodies against different epitopes of the outer surfac...
journal_title:Medical microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00