Abstract:
:Due to the different craniocervical structures in humans and cetaceans, a standardised method assessing the normal craniocervical relationship in cetaceans is lacking, causing difficulties in defining the presence of atlanto-occipital dissociation (AOD) in cetaceans. The present study aimed to 1) describe a novel standardised method of determining the normal craniocervical relationships, and 2) define the 95% accuracy range of the normal craniocervical relationship in finless porpoises (genus Neophocaena), that allowed AOD diagnosis. Fifty-five out 83 stranded or by-caught finless porpoise carcasses were analyzed in term of their craniocervical relationship in dorsal-ventral and medial-lateral dimension, using postmortem computed tomography measurements. The normal craniocervical relationship in both dorsal-ventral (mean BD/OV: 0.87 ± 0.24 [2 SD]) and medial-lateral dimension (mean VR/VL: 0.98 ± 0.17 [2 SD]) was first defined. The 95% accuracy ranges of the normal craniocervical relationship in dorsal-ventral (0.63-1.11) and medial-lateral dimension (0.82-1.15) were proposed. The baseline ranges could facilitate AOD assessment, and provide an objective means of record for AOD related injury and death of cetaceans caused by anthropogenic trauma. The technique developed may be applied to live cetaceans with abnormal craniocervical relationship to aid diagnosis and guide corrective therapy.
journal_name
Sci Repjournal_title
Scientific reportsauthors
Kot BCW,Chan DKP,Yuen AHL,Tsui HCLdoi
10.1038/s41598-018-26866-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-31 00:00:00pages
8474issue
1issn
2045-2322pii
10.1038/s41598-018-26866-8journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) elicit antitumour effects by activating the host immunity and cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICI-related interstitial lung disease (ICI-ILD) is a fatal irAE that is difficult to treat; moreover, its incidence is relatively higher in patients with lung cancer. Therefore...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70743-2
更新日期:2020-08-13 00:00:00
abstract::An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-59779-6
更新日期:2020-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient and convenient tool for genome editing in plants. Cas9 nuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (Sp) is commonly used in this system. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (SaCas9)-mediated genome editing was reported in human cells and Arabidopsis. Because SaCas9 (1053 a.a.) ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep26871
更新日期:2016-05-26 00:00:00
abstract::The volcanic eruption of Santorini in the Bronze Age left detectable debris across the Mediterranean, serving as an anchor in time for the region, synchronizing chronologies of different sites. However, dating the eruption has been elusive for decades, as radiocarbon indicates a date about a century earlier than archa...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79024-4
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The North Atlantic is characterized by diatom-dominated spring blooms that results in significant transfer of carbon to higher trophic levels and the deep ocean. These blooms are terminated by limiting silicate concentrations in summer. Numerous regional studies have demonstrated phytoplankton community shifts to ligh...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-14837-4
更新日期:2017-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::The human microbiome plays a key role in maintaining host homeostasis and is influenced by age, geography, diet, and other factors. Traditionally, India has an established convention of extended family arrangements wherein three or more generations, bound by genetic relatedness, stay in the same household. In the pres...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62195-5
更新日期:2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::Thermoelectric properties of Graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) with nanopores (NPs) are explored for a range of pore dimensions in order to achieve a high performance two-dimensional nano-scale thermoelectric device. We reduce thermal conductivity of GNRs by introducing pores in them in order to enhance their thermoelectri...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep11297
更新日期:2015-06-17 00:00:00
abstract::A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29056-8
更新日期:2018-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::Glutathione-S-transferases mu 2 (GSTM2), a kind of important Phase II antioxidant enzyme of eukaryotes, is degraded by nonsense mediated mRNA decay due to a C27T substitution in the fifth exon of pigs. As a reproductive performance-related gene, GSTM2 is involved in embryo implantation, whereas, functional deficiency ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep38254
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundantly expressed in the haematopoietic compartment, but knowledge on their diversity among blood cell types is still limited. Nevertheless, emerging data indicate an array of circRNA functions exerted through interactions with other RNAs and proteins, by translation into peptides, and ...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50864-z
更新日期:2019-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding coupling of ferroic properties over grain boundaries and within clusters of grains in polycrystalline materials is hindered due to a lack of direct experimental methods to probe the behaviour of individual grains in the bulk of a material. Here, a variant of three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3D-XRD) i...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep22820
更新日期:2016-03-09 00:00:00
abstract::Acrolein, a highly toxic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde, has been a longstanding key biomarker associated with a range of disorders related to oxidative stresses. One of the most promising methods for detecting acrolein involves the use of antibodies that can recognize the acrolein-lysine conjugate, 3-formyl-3, 4-dehydropi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep35872
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Selective amygdalohippocampectomy is an effective treatment for patients with therapy-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy but may cause visual field defect (VFD). Here, we aimed to describe tissue-specific pre- and postoperative imaging correlates of the VFD severity using whole-brain analyses from voxel- to network-lev...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80751-x
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Modulation of initial burst and long term release from electrospun fibrous mats can be achieved by sandwiching the drug loaded mats between hydrophobic layers of fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL). Ibuprofen (IBU) loaded PCL fibrous mats (12% PCL-IBU) were sandwiched between fibrous polycaprolactone layers during the proc...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74885-1
更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Maize is rapidly replacing traditionally cultivated dual purpose crops of South Asia, primarily due to the better economic remuneration. This has created an impetus for improving maize for both grain productivity and stover traits. Molecular techniques can largely assist breeders in determining approaches for effectiv...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80118-2
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::Stochastic surface patterns form an important requirement to facilitate digital image correlation and to subsequently quantify material properties of various tissues when loaded and deformed without artefacts arising from material slippage. Depending on the samples' natural colour, a surface pattern is created by spec...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77299-1
更新日期:2020-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), have been shown to stimulate human B cell responses to unrelated recall antigens in vitro. However, it is not known whether natural M.tb infection or whether vaccination with, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, has a similar effect. This study investigated the effects of M.tb inf...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71044-4
更新日期:2020-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::The widely accepted multiple-hit hypothesis of carcinogenesis states that cancers arise after several successive events. However, no consensus has been reached on the quantity and nature of these events, although "driver" mutations or epimutations are considered the most probable candidates. By using the largest publi...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12448-7
更新日期:2017-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Hesperiidae is one of the largest families of butterflies. Our knowledge of the higher systematics on hesperiids from China is still very limited. We infer the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies of Chinese skippers based on three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b (Cytb), the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep11140
更新日期:2015-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::The benefits that physical exercise confers on cardiovascular health are well known, whereas the notion that physical exercise can also improve cognitive performance has only recently begun to be explored and has thus far yielded only controversial results. In the present study, we used a sample of young male subjects...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep25440
更新日期:2016-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Heterogeneity is inherent to biology, thus it is imperative to realize methods capable of obtaining spatially-resolved genomic and transcriptomic profiles of heterogeneous biological samples. Here, we present a new method for local lysis of live adherent cells for nucleic acid analyses. This method addresses bottlenec...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep29579
更新日期:2016-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::Structural characteristics of the active layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices play a critical role in charge generation, separation and transport. Here we report on morphology and structural control of p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM films by means of thermal annealing and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) solvent additive process...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep13407
更新日期:2015-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Newly synthesized mitochondrial precursor proteins have to become unfolded to cross the mitochondrial membranes. This unfolding is achieved primarily by mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70) for presequence-containing precursor proteins. However, the membrane potential across the inner membrane (ΔΨ) could also contribute to u...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44152-z
更新日期:2019-05-21 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelial and mesenchymal stromal cells (ECs/MSCs) are crucial components of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cell niches. Both cell types appear to be required to support the maintenance and expansion of multipotent hematopoietic cells, i.e. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs). With the...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49221-x
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Copper (Cu), an essential nutrient, promotes wound healing, however, target of Cu action and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Cu chaperone Antioxidant-1 (Atox1) in the cytosol supplies Cu to the secretory enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX), while Atox1 in the nucleus functions as a Cu-dependent transcription fac...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep33783
更新日期:2016-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to determine whether bisphosphonates exert an effect on preventing femoral head collapse after osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in an animal model and in clinical trials. A systematic literature search was performed for studies published up to January 2017. Twenty-three articles (16 animal stu...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19884-z
更新日期:2018-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The contribution of paternal obesity to pregnancy outcomes has been little described. Our aims were to determine whether the effect of an antenatal maternal dietary and lifestyle intervention among women who are overweight or obese on newborn adiposity, was modified by paternal obesity. We conducted a secondary analys...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01672-w
更新日期:2017-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::Forest cutting is a major anthropogenic disturbance that affects forest carbon (C) storage and fluxes. Yet its characteristics and impacts on C cycling are poorly understood over large areas. Using recent annualized forest inventory data, we estimated cutting-related loss of live biomass in the eastern United States w...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep03547
更新日期:2013-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Crypt neurons are a third type of olfactory receptor neurons with a highly unusual "one cell type--one receptor" mode of expression, the same receptor being expressed by the entire population of crypt neurons. Attempts to identify the target region(s) of crypt neurons have been inconclusive so far. We report that TrkA...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/srep02063
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Particulate matter (PM) induces oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health effects. Oxidative potential (OP) of PM is increasingly studied as a relevant metric for health impact (instead of PM mass concentration) as much of the ambient particle mass do not contribute to PM toxicity. Several assays have been d...
journal_title:Scientific reports
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11979-3
更新日期:2017-09-14 00:00:00