Abstract：
:Transcription factors are proteins able to bind DNA and induce the transcription of specific genes. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in multiple cellular pathways and are frequently over-expressed or dysregulated in cancer. Here, we will focus on a specific "signal transducer and activator of transcription" (STAT3) factor that is involved in several pathologies, including cancer. For long time, the mechanism by which STAT3 exerts its cellular functions has been summarized by a three steps process: (1) Protein phosphorylation by specific kinases, (2) dimerization promoted by phosphorylation, (3) activation of gene expression by the phosphorylated dimer. Consequently, most of the inhibitors reported in literature aimed at blocking phosphorylation and dimerization. However, recent observations reopened the debate and the entire functional mechanism has been revisited stimulating the scientific community to pursue new inhibition strategies. In particular, the dimerization of the unphosphorylated species has been experimentally demonstrated and specific roles proposed also for these dimers. Despite difficulties in the expression and purification of the full length STAT3, structural biology investigations allowed the determination of atomistic structures of STAT3 dimers and several protein domains. Starting from this information, computational methods have been used both to improve the understanding of the STAT3 functional mechanism and to design new inhibitors to be used as anticancer drugs. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of structural biology to understand the roles of STAT3, to design new inhibitors and to suggest new strategies of pharmacological intervention.
journal_name
Int J Mol Scijournal_title
International journal of molecular sciencesauthors
Sgrignani J,Garofalo M,Matkovic M,Merulla J,Catapano CV,Cavalli Adoi
10.3390/ijms19061591subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-28 00:00:00issue
6issn
1422-0067pii
ijms19061591journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The natural rubber biosynthetic pathway is well described in Hevea, although the final stages of rubber elongation are still poorly understood. Small Rubber Particle Proteins and Rubber Elongation Factors (SRPPs and REFs) are proteins with major function in rubber particle formation and stabilization. Their correspond...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21124220
更新日期：2020-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are promising antibacterial agents that destabilize bacterial cell membranes, causing a wide range of direct and indirect inhibitory effects. The goal of this review is to introduce the latest experimental approaches for characterizing how antimicrobial lipid...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19041114
更新日期：2018-04-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone and muscle represent a single functional system and are tightly connected to each other. Indeed, diseases characterized by alterations of muscle physiology have effects on bone remodeling and structure and vice versa. Muscle influence on bone has been deeply studied, and recent studies identified irisin as new mo...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms21041178
更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract：:miR-29a is a conserved miRNA that participates in bone formation and immune response in vertebrates. miR-29a of Pinctada martensii (Pm-miR-29a) was identified in the previous research though deep sequencing. In this report, the precise sequence of mature Pm-miR-29a was validated using miRNA rapid amplification of cDNA...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161226182
更新日期：2015-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Citrate is a key intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and acts as an allosteric signal to regulate the production of cellular ATP. An elevated cytosolic citrate concentration inhibits growth in several types of human cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanism by which citrate induces the growth arrest of ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20092105
更新日期：2019-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:MiR-122 is a novel tumor suppresser and its expression induces cell cycle arrest, or apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation in multiple cancer cells, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Radioresistance of cancer cell leads to the major drawback of radiotherapy for NSCLC and the induction of radiose...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms160922137
更新日期：2015-09-14 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of studies have suggested that the 4b/a polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the data remain conflicting. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to estimate the overall association between risk of CAD and eNOS 4b/a pol...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.3390/ijms15057987
更新日期：2014-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone mass loss occurs with a decrease in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, or the enhancement of bone resorption, which further leads to the impairment of bone mineral density and increase in bone fracture. Recent studies suggest that some phenolic compounds found in food play positive role in bone metabol...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21144909
更新日期：2020-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Adolescence represents a vulnerable period for the psychiatric consequences of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁸-THC) exposure, however, the molecular underpinnings of this vulnerability remain to be established. Histone modifications are emerging as important epigenetic mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of ps...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms18102094
更新日期：2017-10-04 00:00:00
abstract：:RNA isolated from fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues is widely used in biomedical research and molecular pathology for diagnosis. In the present study, we have set-up a method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the effects of different fixatives on RNA. By the application of the pre...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21207540
更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The effective dose of irradiation to control pest mites in quarantine has been studied extensively, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the irradiation on mites are largely unknown. In this study, exposure to 400 Gy of γ rays had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the adult survival, fecundity and eg...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161126004
更新日期：2015-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of the human microbiome has become a very popular topic. Our microbial counterpart, in fact, appears to play an important role in human physiology and health maintenance. Accordingly, microbiome alterations have been reported in an increasing number of human diseases. Despite the huge amount of data produced...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms19020383
更新日期：2018-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:In the absence of lymphatics, fluid and solutes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) are eliminated from the brain along basement membranes in the walls of cerebral capillaries and arteries-the Intramural Peri-Arterial Drainage (IPAD) pathway. IPAD fails with age and insoluble Aβ is deposited as plaques in the brain and in IPAD pat...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21041225
更新日期：2020-02-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Recombinant fibroblast growth factor 21 (rFGF21) has been shown to be potently beneficial for improving long-term neurological outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stroke mice. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rFGF21 protects against poststroke blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage in T2DM mice via peroxisome pro...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21030824
更新日期：2020-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an important model organism for the study of avian influenza and other diseases of humans and animals, as well as a popular pet animal. In order to evaluate genetic diversity and study disease relationships in ferrets, 22 nuclear microsatellite loci (17 dinucleotide and 5...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms131216592
更新日期：2012-12-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are multi-factorial and multi-symptomatic psychiatric disorders, each affecting 0.5%-1% of the population worldwide. Both are characterized by impairments in cognitive functions, emotions and behaviour, and they undermine basic human processes of perception and judgment...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17060856
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metal compounds such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, and nickel are classified as carcinogens affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in tumor formation are not well clarified. Interference of metal homeostasis may result...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms12129576
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genus of Termitomyces purchased from the market has been identified as Termitomyces eurrhizus using the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) method. An α-galactosidase from T. eurrhizus (TEG), a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 72 kDa, was purified 146 fold by employing ion exchange chromatography and gel f...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms161226159
更新日期：2015-12-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2) isoforms (E1 and E2) are important epigenetic regulators in brain cells. Accordingly, MeCP2 loss- or gain-of-function mutation causes neurodevelopmental disorders, including Rett syndrome (RTT), MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS), and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Within different...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20081845
更新日期：2019-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) involves chronic hyperinsulinemia due to systemic and hepatic insulin resistance (IR), which if uncorrected, will lead to progressive pancreatic beta cell failure in predisposed individuals. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of fatty (simple stea...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms17030355
更新日期：2016-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：:We report molecular dynamics simulations of confined liquid crystals using the Gay-Berne-Kihara model. Upon isobaric cooling, the standard sequence of isotropic-nematic-smectic A phase transitions is found. Upon further cooling a reentrant nematic phase occurs. We investigate the temperature dependence of the self-dif...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13067854
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human papillomavirus (HPV)(+) and HPV(-) head and neck cancer (HNC) cells' interactions with the host immune system are poorly understood. Recently, we identified molecular and functional differences in exosomes produced by HPV(+) vs. HPV(-) cells, suggesting that genetic cargos of exosomes might identify novel biomar...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21228570
更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular factors involved in neuroprotection are key in the design of novel multitarget drugs in aging and neurodegeneration. AVCRI104P3 is a huprine derivative that exhibits potent inhibitory effects on human AChE, BuChE, and BACE-1 activities, as well as on AChE-induced and self-induced Aβ aggregation. More recentl...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19092615
更新日期：2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Following major advances in the field of medicinal chemistry, novel drugs can now be designed systematically, instead of relying on old trial and error approaches. Current drug design strategies can be classified as being either ligand- or structure-based depending on the design process. In this paper, by describing t...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms12085304
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyamines (PAs) are natural compounds involved in many growth and developmental processes in plants, and, specifically in fruits, play a vital role regulating its development, ripening and senescence processes. Putrescine (PUT), spermine (SPE), and spermidine (SPD) are prominent PAs applied exogenously to extend shel...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/ijms18081789
更新日期：2017-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Poly(glutamic acid) has been studied with a nanosecond T-jump experiment. A new experimental set-up based on the frequency-quadrupling of an 82 MHz Titanium-Sapphire laser allows rapid CD measurements to be performed. Combining time-resolved absorption and circular dichroism at 204 and 220 nm, we are able to measure p...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms13022239
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil salinity is a key problem for crop production worldwide. High salt concentration in soil negatively modulates plant growth and development. In roots, salinity affects the growth and development of both primary and lateral roots. The phytohormone auxin regulates various developmental processes during the plant's l...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms21249528
更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles involved in intercellular communication. They carry proteins, lipids, and nucleotides such as microRNAs (miRNAs) from the secreting cell that can modulate target cells. We and others have previously described the presence of EVs in peripheral blood of multiple ...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19082448
更新日期：2018-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most prevalent and important pathogens of soybean, which produces 11 proteins, and the third protein, P3, was suggested to be involved in virus movement and replication, as well as host infection. During the virus infection, host proteins are essential in the virus cycle. Howev...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms20143388
更新日期：2019-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by distinct motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders are the most frequent and challenging non-motor symptoms in PD patients, and there is growing evidence that they are a consequence of disruptions within the circadian system. PD is characterized by a progressive degener...
journal_title：International journal of molecular sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/ijms19061651
更新日期：2018-06-03 00:00:00
