Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:We sought to cross validate several metrics for quality of glycemic control, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:We analyzed the mathematical properties of several metrics for overall glycemic control, and for hypo- and hyperglycemia, to evaluate their similarities, differences, and interrelationships. We used linear regression to describe interrelationships and examined correlations between metrics within three conceptual groups. RESULTS:There were consistently high correlations between %Time in range (%TIR) and previously described risk indices (M100, Blood Glucose Risk Index [BGRI], Glycemic Risk Assessment Diabetes Equation [GRADE], Index of Glycemic Control [IGC]), and with J-Index (J). There were also high correlations among %Hypoglycemia, Low Blood Glucose Index (LBGI), percentage of GRADE attributable to hypoglycemia (GRADE%Hypoglycemia), and Hypoglycemia Index, but negligible correlation with J. There were high correlations of percentage of time in hyperglycemic range (%Hyperglycemia) with High Blood Glucose Index (HBGI), percentage of GRADE attributable to hyperglycemia (GRADE%Hyperglycemia), Hyperglycemia Index, and J. %TIR is highly negatively correlated with %Hyperglycemia but very weakly correlated with %Hypoglycemia. By adjusting the parameters used in IGC, Hypoglycemia Index, Hyperglycemia Index, or in MR, one can more closely approximate the properties of BGRI, LBGI, or HBGI, and of GRADE, GRADE%Hypoglycemia, or GRADE%Hyperglycemia. CONCLUSIONS:Simple readily understandable criteria such as %TIR, %Hypoglycemia, and %Hyperglycemia are highly correlated with and appear to be as informative as "risk indices." The J-Index is sensitive to hyperglycemia but insensitive to hypoglycemia.
journal_name
Diabetes Technol Therjournal_title
Diabetes technology & therapeuticsauthors
Rodbard Ddoi
10.1089/dia.2017.0416subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-05-01 00:00:00pages
325-334issue
5eissn
1520-9156issn
1557-8593journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::It is becoming increasingly acknowledged that people with Type 2 Diabetes represent what can be termed "an enriched population": a group that has the greatest risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarcts and strokes. Due to the tremendous toll, both human and financial, that...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/15209150050025258
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be a valuable tool to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. The objective of this pilot study was to develop and implement CGM in an existing diabetes clinic for low-income patients on multiple daily injections. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:This wa...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0072
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Recent advances in analytical technology allow the detection of several hundred volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human exhaled air, many of which reflect unidentified endogenous pathways. This study was performed to determine whether a breath gas analysis using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-M...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2009.0181
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Currently, it is still unknown whether differences in glycemic control have any effect on glucose and insulin kinetics after vildagliptin administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vildagliptin on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 24-h period in type 2 diabetes patients wit...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0020
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: The use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) systems has proved to positively impact the management of type 1 diabetes with the potential to lower HbA1c, reduce frequency and time spent in hypoglycemia, and lower glycemic variability. Nevertheless...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2018.0397
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetes mellitus is rare in young infants and neonates. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is used most frequently for insulin treatment in this age group. However, the individual doctor's experience is scarce because of the low prevalence of diabetes in this age. For this study patients treate...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0030
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Abstract Objective: Controlled inpatient studies on the effects of food, physical activity (PA), and insulin dosing on glucose excursions exist, but such outpatient data are limited. We report here outpatient data on glucose excursions and its key determinants over 5 days in 30 adolescents with type 1 diab...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2012.0053
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy improve glucose control provided good adherence. In France, not only diabetologists, nurses, and dieticians but also nurses employed by homecare providers (HCPNs) are together involved in the initiation and/or follow-up of continuous...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0240
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As healthy diet and physical activity can improve glucometabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, lifestyle changes should be the basis for each therapy. The only tool to visualize immediate effects of food pattern and exercise on blood glucose levels is self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Ther...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0008
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study explored the relationships between exogenous insulin requirements and endogenous variables in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Patients with T2D 65 years of age or older were enrolled for a short hospitalization period in order to start or change their basal-bolus...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0044
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp is the gold standard for assessment of insulin resistance and requires frequent, accurate measurements of blood glucose concentrations, typically utilizing the YSI 2300 STAT Plus™ glucose analyzer (YSI, Inc., Yellow Springs, OH). Despite its accuracy, the YSI has several...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2013.0288
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Computer decision support systems are potentially effective methods for adjusting insulin, but current models do not take into account simultaneous changes of more than one agent. We describe the development of the Multiagent Intelligent Dosing System (MAIDS, Dimensional Dosing Systems, Wexford, PA) for pred...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2005.7.937
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring the hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) is the standard-of-care method to assess long-term glycemic control of patients with diabetes, describing the average glycemic level. However, the HbA(1c) does not reflect acute fluctuations in glucose levels. Variability of glycemia probably has an impact on the development of...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0119
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Exubera system (Pfizer, New York, NY/Nektar Therapeutics, San Carlos, CA) is an integration of five major new technologies: protein formulation, powder processing, powder filling, drug packaging, and delivery device. The product provides a simple interface, where the patient interacts only with the delivery device...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0222
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adherence to established standards (e.g., International Organization for Standardization [ISO] 15197) is important to ensure comparable and sufficient accuracy of systems for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Accuracy evaluation was performed for different SMBG systems available in Europe with three r...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0085
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:This study evaluated treatment satisfaction, comfort, and function using the wireless OmniPod™ Insulin Management System (Insulet Corp., Bedford, MA) compared with conventional (infusion set) insulin pumps in young adults with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Twenty-nine patients (age, 24.0 ± 5.1 year...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0228
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring is a useful tool for the achievement of improved glucose control in patients with diabetes. We tested the ability of a novel noninvasive continuous glucose monitor to track glucose excursions. METHODS:The novel noninvasive Aprise sensor (Glucon Inc., Boulder, CO) utilizes the p...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2006.0059
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, if not treated. International guidelines recommend screening "all or high-risk women" at the initial prenatal visit, when a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 92 and 126 mg/dL is diagnostic for GDM. However, glucose testing ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0225
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are currently few data available on the long-term use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (insulin pump) therapy in children. METHODS:Charts from 291 youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who were treated with CSII therapy for at least 1 year were reviewed. Data analysis included hemoglobin ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2007.0214
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technologies report measurements of interstitial glucose concentration every 5 min. CGM technologies have the potential to be utilized for prediction of prospective glucose concentrations with subsequent optimization of glycemic control. This article outlines a feed-forwar...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0104
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Insulin therapy induces remission in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the insulin and C-peptide levels in newly diagnosed T2DM subjects during low-dose insulin therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Twenty newly diagnosed, drug-naive, T2DM patients without acute or chronic ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0187
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the late 1970s, self-monitoring of blood glucose has been the standard for assessing daily glycemic control. The first continuous glucose monitor became available in 1999. Numerous clinical trials have documented the benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0086
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes is thought to develop as a result of progressive beta-cell dysfunction in the setting of insulin resistance, leading to increased risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is currently treated with diet and exercise, followed by oral drug therapy, and finally exogenous ins...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/dia.2006.8.385
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity surgery elicits complex changes in glucose metabolism that are difficult to observe with discontinuous glucose measurements. We aimed to evaluate glucose variability after gastric bypass by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in a real-life setting. METHODS:CGM was performed for 4.2 ± 1.3 days in th...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2010.0203
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Background: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is associated with improved glycemic control, a reduced incidence of hypoglycemia, and improved quality of life (QOL). To date, however, there has been no QOL scale specific to CSII. The objective of this study wa...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0216
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improved insulin infusion set survival and faster insulin action are important issues for pump users and for the development of an artificial pancreas. The current recommendation is to change infusion sets every 3 days. Our objectives were to determine the effect of lipohypertrophy (LH) on infusion set survi...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0432
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Loop Do-It-Yourself (DIY) automated insulin delivery system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:A prospective real-world observational study was conducted, which included 558 adults and children (age range 1 to 71 years, mean HbA1c 6.8±1.0%) who initiated Loop either ...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2020.0535
更新日期:2020-11-23 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The ProAct study has shown that a pump switch to the Accu-Chek(®) Combo system (Roche Diagnostics Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) in type 1 diabetes patients results in stable glycemic control with significant improvements in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with unsatisfactory baseline HbA1c a...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0278
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little information is available regarding glucose fluctuations in postprandial states and during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Japanese people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS:Glucose profiles of 27 Japanese people were measured for 4 days by using continuous glucose monitoring. A 75...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0083
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glucose monitoring based on sampling skin interstitial fluid (ISF) is being developed as an alternative to fingerstick blood glucose monitoring. Time delays between rapidly changing levels of glucose in blood and interstitial fluid have been reported in the literature to be between 5 and 20 minutes. This stu...
journal_title:Diabetes technology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/152091599317530
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00