Abstract:
:Columnar joints form by cracking during cooling-induced contraction of lava, allowing hydrothermal fluid circulation. A lack of direct observations of their formation has led to ambiguity about the temperature window of jointing and its impact on fluid flow. Here we develop a novel thermo-mechanical experiment to disclose the temperature of columnar jointing in lavas. Using basalts from Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland) we show that contraction during cooling induces stress build-up below the solidus temperature (980 °C), resulting in localised macroscopic failure between 890 and 840 °C. This temperature window for incipient columnar jointing is supported by modelling informed by mechanical testing and thermal expansivity measurements. We demonstrate that columnar jointing takes place well within the solid state of volcanic rocks, and is followed by a nonlinear increase in system permeability of <9 orders of magnitude during cooling. Columnar jointing may promote advective cooling in magmatic-hydrothermal environments and fluid loss during geothermal drilling and thermal stimulation.
journal_name
Nat Communjournal_title
Nature communicationsauthors
Lamur A,Lavallée Y,Iddon FE,Hornby AJ,Kendrick JE,von Aulock FW,Wadsworth FBdoi
10.1038/s41467-018-03842-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-12 00:00:00pages
1432issue
1issn
2041-1723pii
10.1038/s41467-018-03842-4journal_volume
9pub_type
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